Diagnosis of Dry Eye by Tear Meniscus Measurements Using Anterior Segment Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography

Abstract

To evaluate the diagnostic power of tear meniscus measurements using anterior segment swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) for dry eye and suspected dry eye. Fifty subjects (27 men and 23 women; mean age 43.3 ± 13.7 years), comprising 26 eyes of 26 healthy subjects and 24 eyes of 24 patients with dry eye or suspected dry eye according to Japanese diagnostic criteria, were enrolled at The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine. Subjects underwent SS-OCT, and the central upper and lower tear meniscus heights (TMHs) and areas (TMAs) and the lower tear meniscus volume (TMV) were examined. Intergrader variability and interimage variability, calculated using the pooled coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation coefficient, were used to assess repeatability of measurements in the dry eye group. To diagnose dry eye using tear meniscus measurements by SS-OCT, sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff values of optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements were determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis. The TMH, TMA, and TMV measured by OCT were significantly lower in the dry eye group than in the control group (P < 0.001). Cutoff values of the lower TMH, TMA, and TMV were 191 μm, 12,360 μm, and 0.0473 mm, respectively. Intergrader repeatability and interimage repeatability, measured as the intraclass correlation coefficient, were >80% for all tear meniscus parameters, with acceptable repeatability. Significant correlations between tear meniscus measurements by OCT and vital staining scores, Schirmer test values, and tear film breakup time were observed (P < 0.05). SS-OCT is a noninvasive and practical method for quantitative evaluation of tear fluid and has the potential for detecting dry eye and suspected dry eye.

Effect of different lubricant eye gels on tear film thickness as measured with ultrahigh‐resolution optical coherence tomography

“…Points on the grading scale that did not occur in any group are not shown. Palakuru et al 2007Palakuru et al , 2008Ibrahim et al 2010;Koh et al 2010;Chen et al 2011;Park et al 2012;Qiu et al 2012;Altan-Yaycioglu et al 2013;Fukuda et al 2013;Bartuzel et al 2014;Canan et al 2014;Sizmaz et al 2014;Akiyama et al 2015;Tukenmez-Dikmen et al 2015). For measuring precorneal tear film, the resolution of commercially available OCT systems is not sufficient for quantitative measurement.…”

Blockade of TREM-1 prevents vitreoretinal neovascularization in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy

“…Retinal microglia and blood-derived macrophages (BDM) play a key role in regulating angiogenesis in the retina and choroid and, as such, are critically involved in the pathogenesis of RNV diseases [12–16]. In the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model [17] that is widely used to study the pathogenesis of RNV as well as to evaluate medical intervention for retinal angiopathies, the retina is infiltrated by activated leukocytes and macrophages, and retinal microglial cells show phenotypic changes that have been implicated in the vascular pathology [18].…”

Automated Measurement of Tear Meniscus Height with the Kowa DR-1α Tear Interferometer in Both Healthy Subjects and Dry Eye Patients

“…TMH measured by OCT has been described as reliable for diagnosis of DED with high sensitivity and specificity. 14,16 We previously reported that the amounts of aqueous layer and lipid layer of the tear film compensate with each other for deficiencies in order to maintain homeostasis of the tear film. 17,18 Thus, both these tear film components would be examined in the evaluation of DED.…”