Diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of thyroid nodules

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONThyroid nodules are a common clinical problem Epidemiologic studies have shown the prevalence of palpable thyroid nodules to be approximately 5% in women and 1% in men living in iodine-sufficient parts of the world. The prevalence of thyroid nodules ranges from 4% to 10% in the general adult population and from 0.2% to 1.2% in children. The Majority of clinically diagnosed thyroid nodules are nonneoplastic; only 5%-30% are malignant and require surgical intervention. [1][2][3][4][5] Nodular thyroid disease describes the presence of a single or multiple nodules within the thyroid gland. Solitary ABSTRACT Background: Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem Epidemiologic studies have shown the prevalence of palpable thyroid nodules to be approximately 5% in women and 1% in men living in iodine-sufficient parts of the world. The prevalence of thyroid nodules ranges from 4% to 10% in the general adult population and from 0.2% to 1.2% in children. Currently, many investigations including diagnostic imaging studies, serologic and cytogenetic tests as well as histopathological techniques are available to evaluate to evaluate thyroid nodules out. Of all these investigations, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has become the diagnostic tool of choice for the initial evaluation of solitary thyroid nodule. Methods: A present prospective study was conducted in department of ENT, Dr. BRAM hospital, Pt. JNM Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India during study period November 2011 to October 2012. Patients with thyroid nodule were selected for the study. After taking a detailed clinical history, all cases were underwent a thorough ENT and head and neck examination. The clinical findings were recorded. Thyroid function tests and other necessary investigations were also done. Then the patients were referred for fine needle aspiration cytology to the department of Pathology. Depending on the nature of the lesion, decision had taken regarding need for surgery and the extent of surgery. All fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) reports were correlated with histopathology diagnosis. Results: Male and female ratio was 1:3.5. Preoperatively FNAC done in 54 cases out of which 36 (66.66%) results were goiter followed by 4 (7.40%) hurthle cell thyroiditis and 2 (3.87%) chronic thyroditis Among 54 cases 1.85% results were follicular neoplasia followed by 3 (5.55%). Fine needle aspiration cytology was 87.5% sensitive in detection of neoplastic lesion and 95.65% sensation of neoplastic lesion and 95.65% specific. Accuracy was 94.44%. Conclusions: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple, rapid, inexpensive, well tolerated and harmless method of evaluation mass lesions of the neck especially when there is a close cooperation between the clinician and cytopathologist.

A Study of Cytohistopathological Correlation of Various Thyroid Lesion in Hadoti Region

“…False positive reports do not constitute a major problem with fine-needle aspirations. 24 In Table 9 the FPR ranged from 0.2-11.1% in the results of various workers. FPR is noted to be lesser than FNR.…”

Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid Compared to Final Histopathology in Total Thyroidectomy

“…Majority of patient presented with thyroid nodule appear to begin with fewer cases of neoplastic disease [2]. Details history and full head and neck examination is important to reach the accurate diagnosis and it must address the risk factor for malignancy like age of the patient, progression of disease and exposure to radiation [3]. A lot of diagnostic modalities have been mentioned in literature like ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration, histopathology, CT scan and even MRI [3].…”

“…FNAC become the most important tools in diagnosis of thyroid nodule, its easy office procedure requires no general anesthesia and non-invasive, quick and reliable [3]. The main goal of thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) is to identify the nodules that require surgery and decrease the overall incidence of thyroidectomy among patients with benign disease [4].…”