Diagnostic efficacy of serum procalcitonin, IL-6, IL-2, and D-dimer levels in an experimental acute appendicitis model

Abstract

Background/Aims: Acute appendicitis is the most frequent cause of acute abdomen emergency surgery. It continues to be a problem today due to delayed diagnosis and its high perforation rate. For this reason, diagnostic tests continue to be developed. In this experimental study, the diagnostic significance of blood procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2, and D-dimer levels in an acute appendicitis model in rabbits was investigated. Materials and Methods: A total of five groups were included: control group, sham group, and three different acute appendicitis groups. In the appendicitis groups, the appendix was ligated by laparotomy, and the blood PCT, IL-6, IL-2, and D-dimer levels were measured at 12 (group 3), 24 (group 4), and 48 h (group 5). Then, an appendectomy was performed. Results: In the present study, PCT and IL-6 levels increased in parallel with the inflammation of the appendix in all groups and were found to be statistically significant. IL-2 and D-dimer values were higher in the groups diagnosed with appendicitis but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In our experimental study, PCT and IL-6 levels were determined to be important in the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis, especially IL-6, and that these two parameters are more important markers than IL-2 and D-dimer.

Predictive Value of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width, Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width in Children with Acute Appendicitis

“…Numerous parameters have been examined to support the diagnosis of acute appendicitis until today. CRP, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, procalcitonin (PCT), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, calprotectin, chemokine ligand-8, serum amyloid A, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and myeloperoxidase are among the inflammatory markers investigated to support diagnosis [8,[12][13][14]. However, in some cases, none of the new inflammatory markers, including leukocyte, C-reactive protein (CRP), or PCT, can identify acute appendicitis with high specificity and sensitivity [13].…”

“…CRP, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, procalcitonin (PCT), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, calprotectin, chemokine ligand-8, serum amyloid A, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and myeloperoxidase are among the inflammatory markers investigated to support diagnosis [8,[12][13][14]. However, in some cases, none of the new inflammatory markers, including leukocyte, C-reactive protein (CRP), or PCT, can identify acute appendicitis with high specificity and sensitivity [13]. PCT, Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2, and D-dimer plasma levels are elevated at different levels in the course of acute appendicitis and may be of particular value in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis [13].…”

The potential role of interleukin-6, endotoxin and C-reactive protein as standard biomarkers for acute appendicitis in adults

“…IL-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine, mediator of acute phase reaction, and is secreted during inflammatory process and neutrophil recruitment following the invasion of bacteria to the appendix [14,15]. Some of the previous studies have shown its relatively high sensitivity (73-84%) and low specificity (46-72%) for diagnosing AA and even higher sensitivity (up to 91%) and lower specificity (37%) for diagnosing perforated appendicitis [16,17]. Elevated serum IL-6 levels were found in the majority of our patients (55, 82.09%, p < 0.001).…”

Gallium-68 citrate PET/CT findings in an experimental model of acute appendicitis in rabbits

“…When both tests were concomitantly evaluated, the sensitivity and specificity values were 95% and 55%, respectively. It was reported that Pct and IL-6 are more efficient predictors of AA than IL-2 and D-dimer [23]. Our main aim when planning the study was to investigate the relationship between Pct and IL-6 levels and SUVmax values by acquiring blood samples at the same time with 68 Ga-citrate PET/CT imaging times.…”

“…However, the contribution of other acute-phase reactants, such as D-dimer, IL-2, IL-6 and Pct to AA diagnosis has also been investigated. For instance, Pct, IL-6, IL-2 and D-dimer plasma levels are elevated during the course of AA [21][22][23].…”