Diagnostic markers of acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

Abstract. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The highest risk of fatality occurs within the initial hours of onset of AMI. Thus, early diagnosis of cardiac ischemia is critical for the effective management of patients with AMI. Improper diagnosis of patients with chest pain often leads to inappropriate admission of patients without AMI and vice versa. In addition to clinical history, physical examination, accurate electrocardiogram findings and assessment of cardiac biomarkers have an important role in the early diagnosis of acute ischemia. The present review discusses in detail the various cardiac biomarkers released during the event of an AMI.

Expression of Concern: Preventive effect of nerolidol on isoproterenol induced myocardial damage in Wistar rats: Evidences from biochemical and histopathological studies

“…Serum cardiac and hepatic marker enzymes such as AST, ALT, LDH, CK, and CK‐MB are well known diagnostic markers of MI. The hepatic markers AST and ALT are cytosolic enzymes present in the cardiac muscle and injury to the cardiac tissues results; it is release into the circulation from cytosol and subcellular organelles of hepatocyte and their activities increase in the blood stream (Mythili et al, ). Increased levels of CK, CK‐MB, and LDH in the blood, which serve as the diagnostic markers of MI, leakage of these enzymes were increased in ISO administrated rats as a result of necrosis induced by ISO.…”

Acute Myocardial Infarction Risk Factors and Correlation of its Markers with Serum Lipids

“…Finally occlusion of the coronary artery by the thrombus reduces the blood supply to the myocardial tissues leading to ischemia and necrosis, eventually causing myocardial infarction. 4 Hypertriglyceridemia was the second risk factor among female patients in the present study after diabetes, but it was the fourth risk factor among males. The role of triglycerides as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease has been debated during a long time.…”

“…The only disadvantage of cTn is the late clearance that makes it difficult to identify a recurrent myocardial infarction. 4 We tried to find a correlation between TN-t and serum lipid but we failed to find this correlation, on the other hand, other markers as total CK and CK-MB showed correlation with cholesterol by using Spearman correlation test.…”

“…The analysis of cardiac biomarkers has become the frontline diagnostic tools for AMI, and has greatly enabled the clinicians in the rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment planning, thereby reducing the mortality rate to a great extent. 4 There are some cardiac markers that can be used in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction among them include, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, troponin I, creatine kinase, etc. Creatine kinase (isoenzymes CK-MB) is the enzyme used as a definitive serum marker for the diagnosis or exclusion of acute myocardial infarction.…”

Progression in sensing cardiac troponin biomarker charge transductions on semiconducting nanomaterials

“…CRP is an inflammatory marker, and inflammation is crucial throughout all phases of heart disease, comprising the early initiation of atherosclerotic plaques within the arteries, as well as the acute rupturing of these plaques that results in heart attack [84]. Despite having less specificity than troponin biomarkers, the main advantage of CRP is that the concentration level in saliva correlates positively with serum concentration [85]. Interestingly, the salivary CRP level is significantly higher in patients who suffered an AMI [86]; thus, CRP opens up another potential diagnostic for the prediction of heart disease through saliva, which can offer an alternative approach in the prediction of heart disease together with the gold standard cTn.…”