Diarrhea Associated with <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp in Juvenile Macaques

Wilson, Dennis W; Day, P. A.; Brummer, Margaret

doi:10.1177/030098588402100413

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Reports of intestinal, hepatopancreatic, and pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent, infant, rhesus, and other macaques have been attributed to an organism with oocysts indistinguishable from those of C. parvum (59,171,349). Miller et al (220) reported 81 cases of acute cryptosporidiosis among 152 infant primates, predominantly Macaca nemestrina, housed in the nursery unit of the Washington Regional Primate Research Center.…”

Section: Nonhuman Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis

1991

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Before 1982, only eight case reports of human cryptosporidiosis and fewer than 30 papers on Cryptosporidium spp. appeared in the biomedical literature. At that time, cryptosporidiosis was thought to be an infrequent infection in animals and rarely an opportunistic infection in humans. The concept of Cryptosporidium spp. as pathogens has changed dramatically within the past 8 years because of improved diagnostic techniques, increased awareness within the biomedical community, and the development of basic research programs in numerous laboratories. Presently, greater than 1,000 publications including over 400 case reports in the biomedical literature address Cryptosporidium spp. and cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidium parvum is now thought to be one of the three most common enteropathogens causing diarrheal illness in humans worldwide, especially in developing countries. It is likely that cryptosporidiosis was previously included in the 25 to 35% of diarrheal illness with unknown etiology. Because of the severity and length of diarrheal illness and because no effective therapy has been identified, cryptosporidiosis is one of the most ominous infections associated with AIDS. The role of C. parvum as an enteropathogen is well established; documentation of its role as a cause of hepatobiliary and respiratory diseases is now appearing in the literature. Our present understanding of the natural history, epidemiology, biology, and immunology of Cryptosporidium spp. as well as the clinical features, pathogenicity, and treatment of cryptosporidiosis are reviewed here.

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Section: Nonhuman Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis

1991

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“…hominis in animals housed at the same place and in none of them it was found any organism related to this parasite 36 .…”

Section: Table 2 -Blastocystis Hominis-like Infections In Monkeysmentioning

confidence: 92%

Protozoários intestinais em primatas não-humanos apreendidos

Filho

Cardozo

Ribeiro

et al. 2006

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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The objective of this study was to identify intestinal protozoa in fecal samples of illegally commercialized New World nonhuman primates apprehended by governmental authorities and sent to a Wildlife Screening Center in the municipality of Seropédica, State of Rio de Janeiro, under the administration of Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais. Feces from marmosets (crossbreeding among Callithrix jacchus and C. penicillata) and brown howler monkeys (Alouatta fusca) were collected and submitted to Richtie's formaldehyde-ether sedimentation technique. Smears were made with the sediment and submitted to safranin-methylene blue and Wheatley's modified trichrome stainings. Phenol-auramine staining was used in order to compare positive smears for Cryptosporidium oocysts stained with safranin-methylene blue technique. Three (100%) fecal samples of brown howler monkeys and eight of common marmosets (88.9%) were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Blastocystis hominis-like forms were observed in all samples of brown howler monkeys and in 66.7% (6/9) of marmosets. New World nonhuman primates Callithrix crossbreed species and A. fusca can harbor forms similarly identified as potential zoonotic organisms. The strict contact between monkeys and humans can represent risks for both by mutual transmission of pathogens. It is unknown if monkey species studied in the present work are either infected with these parasites in natural environment or acquire it when submitted to human contact. Stressing is also a factor that deserves attention on animals submitted to capture, apprehension and transport to Wildlife Screening Centers.

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“…This makes nonhuman primates an excellent model for studying agents of diarrheal infection. The IPRL has played an important role in studying two enteric pathogens (Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium) which cause diarrheal illness in both humans and nonhuman primates [Wilson et al, 1984; Navin & Juranek, 1984]…”

Section: Research In Reproductive and Developmental Sciences At The Iprlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four decades of leading‐edge research in the reproductive and developmental sciences: The Infant Primate Research Laboratory at the University of Washington National Primate Research Center

Burbacher

Grant

Worlein

et al. 2013

American J Primatol

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The Infant Primate Research Laboratory (IPRL) was established in the 1970s at the University of Washington as a visionary project of Dr. Gene (Jim) P. Sackett. Supported by a collaboration between the Washington National Primate Research Center and the Center on Human Health and Disability, the IPRL operates under the principle that learning more about the causes of abnormal development in macaque monkeys will provide important insights into mechanisms underlying childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Over the past forty years, a broad range of research projects have been conducted at the IPRL. Some have described the normal expression of species-typical behaviors in nursery-reared macaques while others have focused on specific issues in perinatal medicine and research. This article will review the unique history of the IPRL and the scientific contributions produced by research conducted in the laboratory. Past and present investigations at the IPRL have explored the consequences of adverse early rearing, low-birth-weight, prematurity, epilepsy, chemical/drug exposure, viral infection, diarrheal disease, vaccine safety, assisted reproductive technologies and perinatal hypoxia on growth and development. New directions of investigation include the production of a transgenic primate model using our embryonic stem cell-based technology to better understand and treat heritable forms of human mental retardation such as fragile X.

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Diarrhea Associated with Cryptosporidium spp in Juvenile Macaques

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Cryptosporidiosis

Cryptosporidiosis

Protozoários intestinais em primatas não-humanos apreendidos

Four decades of leading‐edge research in the reproductive and developmental sciences: The Infant Primate Research Laboratory at the University of Washington National Primate Research Center

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