Did a submarine landslide contribute to the 2011 Tohoku tsunami?

Tappin, David R.; Grilli, Stéphan T.; Harris, Jeffrey C.; Geller, Robert J.; Masterlark, T.; Kirby, James T.; Shi, Fengyan; Ma, Gangfeng; Thingbaijam, K. K. S.; Martin, P.

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2014.09.043

Cited by 249 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Moreover, the earthquake rupture process is complex and highly uncertain, and is governed by pre-rupture stress conditions and frictional properties of the fault that are largely 20 unknown/unobservable and heterogeneous in space. A large earthquake may also trigger a submarine landslide, which acts as secondary sources for tsunami generation (Tappin et al, 2014). To gain further insights into the earthquake rupture process, source inversions can be carried out to characterise the space-time evolution of the rupture by matching key features of simulated data with observations.…”

Section: Uncertainty Quantification In Tsunami Hazard Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both will affect the assessment of the joint risk. In some cases the joint risk may be causative, including the dependence of numerous aftershocks triggered by a main shock (Yeo and Cornell, 2009); tsunamis initiated by ocean floor earthquakes and landslides (Tappin et al, 2014;; the landslide and avalanches that result directly from earthquakes; and the potential for landslide as well as flood impacts on dam safety (an epistemic uncertainty that is usually neglected but which has caused 25 past dam overtopping). In other cases independent occurrences might contribute to an increased risk, such as the joint occurrences of fluvial floods, high tides and atmospheric surge on the risk of estuarine and coastal flooding.…”

Section: Co-emergent and Cascading Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epistemic uncertainties and natural hazard risk assessment. 1. A review of different natural hazard areas

Beven¹,

Almeida²,

Aspinall³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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This paper discusses how epistemic uncertainties are considered in a number of different natural hazard areas including floods, landslides and debris flows, dam safety, droughts, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic ash clouds and pyroclastic flows, and wind storms. In each case it is common practice to treat most uncertainties in the form of aleatory 20 probability distributions but this may lead to an underestimation of the resulting uncertainties in assessing the hazard, consequences and risk. It is suggested that such analyses might be usefully extended by looking at different scenarios of assumptions about sources of epistemic uncertainty, with a view to reducing the element of surprise in future hazard occurrences. Since every analysis is necessarily conditional on the assumptions made about the nature of sources of epistemic uncertainty it is also important to follow the guidelines for good practice suggested in the companion Part 2. 25

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Section: Uncertainty Quantification In Tsunami Hazard Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Co-emergent and Cascading Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epistemic uncertainties and natural hazard risk assessment. 1. A review of different natural hazard areas

Beven¹,

Almeida²,

Aspinall³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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show abstract

“…They all predict displacements over 20m and 8m on the horizontal and vertical components, respectively. However, significant variability appears in their spatial patterns that will affect the prediction of tsunami properties (Goda et al 2014;Tappin et al 2014). Fig.…”

Section: Predicted Displacement Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying variability in earthquake rupture models using multidimensional scaling: application to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

Razafindrakoto¹,

Martin²,

Genton³

et al. 2015

Geophysical Journal International

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“…Submarine landslides have been studied extensively because they are important geohazards and can jeopardize the submarine infrastructures, such as offshore drilling platforms or submarine telecommunication cables, and can even trigger disastrous tsunamis (Bondevik et al 2005;Hornbach et al 2007Hornbach et al , 2008Hsu et al 2008;Tappin et al 2014;Li et al 2015). Thick sedimentary deposits and inclined seafloor are commonly geological conditions favorable for submarine landslides (Hampton et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fangliao Slide — a large slope failure in the upper Kaoping Slope off southwest Taiwan

Chen

Tsai²,

Hsu³

et al. 2018

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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Based on seismic reflection profiles and multi-beam bathymetric data, a large submarine landslide named Fangliao Slide is mapped for the first time off SW Taiwan. The Fangliao Slide occurred on the continental slope to the west of the Fangliao Canyon at water depths between 420 and 900 m. The seafloor of the Fangliao Slide has a gentle slope angle (~1 -2°). The landslide covers an area of ~15 km length and ~10 km width and a volume of ~26 km 3 . The headwall of the landslide has ~30 m vertical offset at the southern flank of mud diapir MD7-1, and the sidewalls are bounded by fault A in the west and faults C and D in the east. The sliding area is composed of five bathymetric terraces, indicating that the slope failures have occurred several times. The Fangliao Slide can be divided into an upper domain and a lower domain, separated at the water depth of ~600 m where the gas hydrate off SW Taiwan becomes dissociate. The initial slope failure of the Fangliao Slide was probably linked to mud diapirism of MD7-1 and the slope failure in the lower domain was probably augmented by the gas hydrate dissociation. The seafloor morphology in the lower domain is therefore more corrugated than in the upper domain.

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Did a submarine landslide contribute to the 2011 Tohoku tsunami?

Cited by 249 publications

References 79 publications

Epistemic uncertainties and natural hazard risk assessment. 1. A review of different natural hazard areas

Epistemic uncertainties and natural hazard risk assessment. 1. A review of different natural hazard areas

Quantifying variability in earthquake rupture models using multidimensional scaling: application to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

Fangliao Slide — a large slope failure in the upper Kaoping Slope off southwest Taiwan

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