Die Messung des Druckes in Geweben

Meyer, Friedrich Johann Lorenz; Holland, G.

doi:10.1007/bf01861314

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Meyer & Holland (1932) and Burch & Sodeman (1937) measured the minimum pressure required to force small volumes of normal saline into tissues through a needle. These authors assumed that this pressure was approximately equal to that existing in the tissues before injection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurement of Interstitial ‘Fluid’ Pressure by Means of a Cotton Wick in Man and Animals: An Analysis of the Origin of the Pressure

et al. 1971

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1.A method for measuring interstitial 'fluid' pressure by using a wick consisting of long-stranded cotton wool at the interface of the tissue is described.2. A correct measurement of hydrostatic fluid pressure was obtained when the wick, connected to a suitable transducer, was applied to filter paper in which the channels contained fluid at a known subatmospheric pressure.3. A mean subatmospheric pressure of -1,6 cmHzO was recorded in the subcutaneous tissue of the normally hydrated frog; pressure fell with dehydration and rose with overhydration. 4. A mean subatmospheric pressure of -2·8 cmHzO was recorded in the subcutaneous tissues of the abdominal wall and scalp of the normally hydrated rat. Simultaneous measurements made at symmetrical sites showed a high degree of correlation. 5. A comparison of interstitial 'fluid' pressure in the subcutaneous tissues of the scalp (measured by a wick) and the abdominal wall (measured by a Guyton capsule), in both anaesthetized and conscious rats showed some degree of correlation. There was, however, a wide scatter of values.6. The interstitial 'fluid' pressure in the rat, measured by both wick and capsule, became more negative when the animals underwent frusemide diuresis; the capsule pressures fell more rapidly for a given degree of fluid loss. 7. The wick method was applied to the subcutaneous tissues of the arm in normal man; a mean atmospheric pressure of -3,4 cmHzO was recorded in five subjects. There were no untoward sequelae.8. The forces responsible for the measured pressure have been analysed. The recorded subatmospheric interstitial 'fluid' pressure in the rat rose towards atmospheric pressure and sometimes became positive when the wick was removed, soaked in

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confidence: 99%

Measurement of Interstitial ‘Fluid’ Pressure by Means of a Cotton Wick in Man and Animals: An Analysis of the Origin of the Pressure

et al. 1971

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“…Attempts to measure actual intracutaneous pressures were first made by Meyer and Holland (9,10). These authors stressed the fact that large amounts of an absorbable fluid can be run into the tissues very slowly, as during hypodermoclysis, and disappear there without much pressure change.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Pressure and Interstitial Resistance Prevailing in the Normal and Edematous Skin of Animals and Man

McMaster

1946

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Means have been described for the study of pressure conditions in normal and pathological skin of living human beings and mice. The true pressure in normal skin cannot be measured directly by any of the means hitherto described, because there is insufficient free fluid to make manometric determinations. However, for practical purposes, the intracutaneous pressure has been approximately estimated by introducing into skin exceedingly small amounts of a relatively unabsorbable fluid, a mixture of Locke's solution and a vital dye, and then finding the least pressure required to overcome the resistance of the skin to the passage of this fluid through it at the lowest rate measurable with accuracy by the apparatus at hand. In the present paper measurements of this pressure have been termed the interstitial resistance. In normal skin the interstitial pressure, as estimated by measurements of the interstitial resistance, is low, slightly less, on the average, than 1.7 cm. of water in the skin of the mouse, and less than 3.1 cm. of water in human skin. It remains unchanged in states of active hyperemia. In edematous skin the interstitial pressure can be directly measured by determination of the edema fluid pressure. It has been compared with determinations of the interstitial resistance and found to be only 0.5 cm. of water lower in both the mouse and man. Under the conditions of our experiments, in skin rendered slowly edematous by the introduction of irritant chemicals or their topical application, little rise in pressure took place. On the other hand, in rapidly forming edema of the skin the edema fluid pressure and the intradermal interstitial resistance rose and became great enough to hinder materially the further escape of fluid from the blood vessels. The edema fluid pressure rose in proportion to the rapidity with which the edema formed. When a rapidly formed edema subsided, the edema fluid pressure and interstitial resistance fell, but if inflammation and induration followed later, the interstitial resistance became high again. As these conditions subsided the interstitial resistance fell, at times to normal levels, even in the presence of edema. In mouse skin injured by squeezing according to a standard procedure, with result in pronounced edema, the intradermal interstitial resistance rose within a few hours to levels of 10 to 15 cm. of water. In those instances in which the injury progressed to induration, the interstitial resistance rose to such high levels that it seemed impossible that fluid could continue to escape from the capillaries. Such a state of affairs may be of great importance in determining whether necrosis follows trauma.

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“…Our values for subcutaneous tissue pressure at heart level for normal individuals (Table I) (2,4). This is particularly true in the light of Smirk's (9) observations that capillary permeability is a variable and significant factor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Since the pioneer work of Landerer (1) in the estimation of tissue pressure, little has been done to evaluate the importance of this factor in normal and pathological physiologic processes. Recent studies (2,3,4) have shown no uniformity in normal values. The present investigation is an attempt to throw additional light upon these problems and establish standards for our technic.…”

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confidence: 96%