Die opening-induced microstructure growth in extrusion foaming of thermoplastic sheets

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>In this study, the influence of die opening gap on foam attributes during a microcellular extrusion foaming process was investigated. Lower die openings developed higher pressure drops on the foams, as a result of which greater thermodynamic instability was stimulated and, consequently, higher cell density foams along with enhanced expansion ratios were achieved. Further investigations were performed to study the synergistic influence of altering die opening with critical process parameters, namely, screw rotational speed and die temperature, on the foam expansion ratio and morphological transformations. Higher screw rotational speed induced shear nucleation phenomenon, which further enhanced the foaming process significantly. Also, an optimum die temperature was observed, which developed maximum expansion ratio at the lowest die opening gap. This study intends to enhance the understanding of extrusion foam processing among academia as well as among industries.</jats:p>

Multi-Stage Recycling Induced Morphological Transformations in Solid-State Microcellular Foaming of Polystyrene

“…With intention of increasing the applicability of plastic waste in the industrial applications, an innovative up-cycling concept is towards inducing a large number of small bubbles through microcellular foam processing [25–27]. Through this processing step, a large number of microcells smaller that 10 μm are incorporated within the plastic matrix [28–30]. As a result, the material then possesses higher impact strength [31–33], better tensile properties [34], better thermal [35], and acoustic insulation [36] with significant reduction in overall density [37].…”