Diel vertical migration of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is flexible during advection across the Scotia Sea

Cresswell, Katherine A.; Tarling, Geraint A.; Thorpe, Sally; Burrows, Michael T.; Wiedenmann, John; Mangel, Marc

doi:10.1093/plankt/fbp062

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The choice of these zones match those of an accompanying study by Cresswell et al (2009), where krill swarming and vertical migration behaviour is predicted to change over this cline as a function of the different levels of land-based predation and food availability. In referring to these zones, we use the terminology inshore/offshore to describe proximity to any landmass.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…DVM is observed in many zooplankton species and is sometimes thought of as a relatively fixed behaviour controlled by the light cycle (Ringelberg 1995). However, Cresswell et al (2009) predicted distinct selective advantages to those krill capable of altering depth in relation to predation risk over short time scales. The present study gives evidence of krill reacting to predator disturbance through spreading through the water column.…”

Section: Vertical Distribution Of Swarmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Swarm characteristics of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba relative to the proximity of land during summer in the Scotia Sea

Klevjer¹,

Tarling²,

Fielding³

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We studied the relationship between the proximity of land and the distribution and swarming characteristics of Antarctic krill across the Scotia Sea in January and February 2003. Krill swarms identified with a Simrad EK60 (38 kHz, 120 kHz) echosounder were grouped into 4 categories according to distance from shoreline: 0 to 50 km, 50 to 100 km, 100 to 200 km and > 200 km. Cross-sectional areas of swarms were significantly larger inshore, with a mean value of 120 m 2 in the 0 to 50 km zone compared to < 80 m 2 further offshore. The packing concentration of krill within inshore swarms was also significantly greater, with an average density of 95 ind. m -3 compared to between 24 and 31 ind. m -3 elsewhere. A large proportion of the biomass was concentrated into a small number of large, dense swarms throughout the survey area, and this trend increased with decreasing distance from shore. The highest median number of swarms per km and krill acoustic biomass per km was found in the 50 to 100 km zone. However, a significantly greater number of large, biomass-rich swarms occurred in the 0 to 50 km zone compared to all other zones. Swarms in the 0 to 50 km zone were also significantly further apart. The majority of swarms were located in the upper 50 m during the daytime although they were marginally deeper in the night in offshore regions. Krill are likely to move between inshore and offshore environments continuously over their lifetimes. The change in krill behaviour between environments could be a response to local predatory threats over short spatial and temporal scales.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Vertical Distribution Of Swarmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swarm characteristics of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba relative to the proximity of land during summer in the Scotia Sea

Klevjer¹,

Tarling²,

Fielding³

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The increased foraging effort in areas with melting ice supports the hypothesis that near-surface prey patches were more abundant in areas of an early phenological stage. Theory suggests that the vertical distribution of pelagic herbivores is determined by a trade-off between food availability and survival (Ohman 1990, Fiksen et al 2005, and krill, the dominant herbivore of the Antarctic Ocean, is subject to the same trade-off (Alonzo & Mangel 2001, Cresswell et al 2009, Ainley et al 2015. The ice-free surface layer is a high-gain, high-risk habitat, while deeper layers have both lower gain and lower risk (Kaart vedt 2010, Ainley et al 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spring phenology shapes the spatial foraging behavior of Antarctic petrels

Fauchald¹,

Tarroux²,

Tveraa³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The probability distribution for the vertical displacement is Gaussian and includes a correction for the vertical gradient in the diffusion coefficient. Antarctic krill larvae undergo diurnal vertical migration (Fraser 1936;Nast 1978;Demer and Hewitt 1995;Cresswell et al 2009). The effect of this vertical migration was evaluated in a modeling study (Piñones et al 2013a), which showed that it did not significantly influence the vertical and horizontal dispersion of particles for mean flow velocities of 0.05-0.10 ms -1 , which are typical for the Ross Sea (Pillsbury and Jacobs 1985;Picco et al 2000;Dinniman et al 2003).…”

Section: Particle Tracking Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the transport and fate of euphausiids in the Ross Sea

et al. 2015

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Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and crystal krill (Euphausia crystallorophias), important components of the Ross Sea food web, differ in their population distribution. The objective of this study was to determine whether these differing distributions result primarily from differences in spawning locations, larval development times, and transport by the Ross Sea circulation. To address this objective, Lagrangian particle tracking experiments were used to simulate the transport of larvae of Antarctic krill and crystal krill. The particle simulations showed that regions providing inputs of Antarctic krill to the Ross Sea were along the outer shelf/slope. Crystal krill transport and retention were along the shallow banks on the outer Ross Sea shelf. Particles initialized in the inner shelf off Victoria Land showed high retention in the region south and along the Terra Nova Bay polynya, with timescales consistent with development times of crystal krill. These results suggest that the cyclonic circulation over the shelf contributes significantly to the dispersion and retention of crystal krill in parts of the inner Ross Sea continental shelf that overlaps with regions with high concentrations of krilldependent top predators. The westward circulation along the shelf break contributes to the transport and aggregation of Antarctic krill in regions where Circumpolar Deep Water is observed on the outer continental shelf and along the shelf break. The transport pathways and connectivity obtained from this study provide a baseline for assessing the effects of projected changes in the Ross Sea circulation on the distribution of two important krill species.

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Diel vertical migration of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is flexible during advection across the Scotia Sea

Cited by 35 publications

References 71 publications

Swarm characteristics of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba relative to the proximity of land during summer in the Scotia Sea

Swarm characteristics of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba relative to the proximity of land during summer in the Scotia Sea

Spring phenology shapes the spatial foraging behavior of Antarctic petrels

Modeling the transport and fate of euphausiids in the Ross Sea

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