“…It is essential to accurately test the permittivity and loss tangent of low-loss dielectric materials to meet the application requirements of various fields. Generally, the permittivity and loss tangent of low-loss dielectric materials are mainly measured by the resonant cavity method, including microstrip resonant cavities [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], rectangular resonant cavities [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], cylindrical resonant cavities [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], and re-entrant cavity resonators [ 22 ]. For example, Federico Gabriele et al [ 23 ] provided relative permittivity measurements for emerging 5G and beyond applications operating at high frequencies based on resonant cavities with the substrate-integrated waveguide technique.…”