Diet and breed alter community structures of rumen protozoa in cattle subjected to different feeding systems

Abstract

Diet and breed alter community structures of rumen protozoa in cattle subjected to different feeding systems Dieta e raça alteram a estrutura da comunidade de protozoários ruminais em bovinos submetidos a diferentes sistemas de alimentação AbstractThe objective were to identify and quantify the rumen protozoa from two genetic groups of beef cattle (Nellore and crossbred European beef cattle) subjected to three feeding systems (pasture, pasture supplement, and confined). Samples of rumen contents were obtained from the center of the ruminal mass after slaughter. Quantification and identification of rumen protozoa were performed with a Sedgewick-Rafter counting chamber by optic microscopy. Data were analyzed using general linear analysis methodology with a Poisson distribution (1 %). In addition, the data underwent of Analisys Principal Component. A effect on ruminal protozoa was observed for the diets and breeds analyzed. Was identified 14 genera, among which Entodinium was predominant in all animals analyzed. Ciliates belonging to Entodiniomorphida, Eodinium, Epidinium, Eremoplastron, Eudiplodinium, Metadinium, and Ostracodinium showed highest density in Nellore animals when compared with the crossbreed, Nellore × European. Larger numbers of protozoa from the family Isotrichidae (Dasytricha and Isotricha) were observed in animals maintained by pasture or pasture supplement feeding. According to the kind of feeding, those fed exclusively with pasture had a greater diversity of ciliates in comparison to those restricted to, or supplemented with pasture. In one animal, the occurrence of ciliates belonging to the genus Buetschlia, was observed (prevalence of 1.66 %), which is one of only a few records of this genus in ruminants. alimentação (pastagem, pastagem com suplementação e confinado). Amostras do conteúdo ruminal foram obtidas do centro da massa ruminal após o abate. A quantificação e identificação dos protozoários do rúmen foram realizadas por meio de câmara de contagem de Sedgewick-Rafter por microscopia óptica. Os dados foram analisados por meio de metodologia de análise linear geral com distribuição de Poisson (1%). Além disso, os dados foram submetidos à análise de componentes principais. Houve efeito sobre os protozoários ruminais (P < 0,001) para as dietas e raças analisadas. Foram identificados 14 gêneros, dentre os quais, o gênero Entodinium foi predominante em todos os animais analisados. Os ciliados pertencentes a Entodiniomorphida, Eodinium, Epidinium, Eremoplastron, Eudiplodinium, Metadinium e Ostracodinium apresentaram maior densidade em animais Nelore quando comparados com os cruzados Nelore × Europeu. Um maior número de protozoários da família Isotrichidae (Dasytricha e Isotricha) foi observado em animais mantidos por pastagem ou suplemento alimentar. De acordo com o tipo de alimentação, aqueles alimentados exclusivamente com pasto apresentaram maior diversidade de ciliados em comparação àqueles restritos ou suplementados com pastagem. Em um dos animais do experimento, foi observada a ocorrênci...

Rumen Ciliated Protozoa of the Free-Living European Bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus)

“…Generally, the species composition of rumen ciliates of European bison was similar to the composition of rumen ciliates populations of many other species of free-living and domesticated ruminants (Kofoid and Christianson, 1934 ; Sládeček, 1946 ; Crha, 1972 ; Towne et al, 1988a , b ; Ito et al, 1994 ; Moon-van der Staay et al, 2014 ). Recent research pointed to the existence of a core rumen microbiome across a wide geographical range, which is modified by the diet and the host (O'Kelly and Spiers, 1992 ; Guan et al, 2008 ; Shi et al, 2008 ; Moon-van der Staay et al, 2014 ; Henderson et al, 2015 ; Ishaq et al, 2015 ; Tapio et al, 2017 ; Reis et al, 2019 ; Furman et al, 2020 ; Xue et al, 2020 ). These studies indicate that dietary and animal feeding strategies dominate over host species.…”

Insights into the systematics of the family Ophryoscolecidae (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida)

“…Rumen content samples containing the species Diplodinium polygonale (Dogiel, 1925a, b), Elytroplastron bubali (Dogiel, 1928), Eremoplastron rostratum (Fiorentini, 1889), and Polyplastron multivesiculatum (Dogiel, 1925a, b) were obtained from one crossbreed (Holstein × Gir) cow ( Bos primigenius taurus × Bos primigenius indicus ) [for details see Cedrola, Senra, et al, 2017] and from one Nellore cow ( Bos taurus indicus ) [for details see Reis et al, 2019]. Samples (~20 cm 3 ) of each host analyzed were fixed in 18.5% formalin, for the morphological characterization, and in absolute ethanol for the molecular analyses (Cedrola et al, 2015).…”