Dietary conjugated linoleic acids increase intramuscular fat deposition and decrease subcutaneous fat deposition in Yellow Breed × Simmental cattle

Abstract

This study was conducted to estimate the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on intramuscular and subcutaneous fat deposition in Yellow Breed × Simmental cattle. The experiment was conducted for 60 days. The results showed that the average backfat thickness, (testicles + kidney + pelvic) fat percentage and subcutaneous fat percentage in dietary CLA were significantly lower than in the control group, while intramuscular the fat percentage was significantly higher. Compared to the control group, the Longissimus muscle enzyme activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in dietary CLA and the subcutaneous fat enzyme activities of LPL, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) were significantly increased. Similarly, compared to the control group, the Longissimus muscle sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), FAS, stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD), ACC, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), heart fatty-acid binding protein (H-FABP) and LPL gene expression in dietary CLA were significant increased, as were the subcutaneous fat of PPARγ, H-FABP, LPL, CPT-1 and HSL in dietary CLA. These results indicated that dietary CLA increases IMF deposition mainly by the up-regulation of lipogenic gene expression, while decreasing subcutaneous fat deposition mainly by the up-regulation of lipolytic gene expression.

Dose response of rumen‐protected conjugated linoleic acid supplementation to fattening bulls and heifers on growth, and carcass and meat quality

“…The influence of CLA on the body composition of growing ruminants has been investigated using rumen‐protected mixtures to avoid degradation in the rumen environment (Perfield et al, ), but few data are available and the results are often conflicting. Zhang et al, () found that CLA increased intramuscular fat deposition and decreased subcutaneous fat deposition in Yellow breed × Simmental cattle, while other studies found very little or no alteration to performance variables and carcass traits after feeding rpCLA to young Simmental heifers (Schlegel et al, ) and Angus × Hereford heifers (Gillis et al, ). von Soosten, Meyer, Piechotta, Flachowsky, and Dänicke () found that in early lactating cows rpCLA supplementation had a protective effect against excessive use of body reserves within 42 days in milk, and continuous CLA supplementation up to 105 days in milk increased protein accretion.…”

The response of gene expression associated with intramuscular fat deposition in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Simmental × Yellow breed cattle to different energy levels of diets

“…IMF deposition is associated with lipogenic metabolism involve in the IMF deposition. Lipogenic genes have been regarded as good markers for IMF content in LM of in Simmental × Yellow breed cattle, such as PPARγ, SREBP-1, ACC, FAS, SCD, LPL, and A-FABP genes (Zhang et al, 2015(Zhang et al, , 2016. SREBP-1 is a key transcription factor in regulating the expression of lipogenic genes including ACC and FAS (Doran et al, 2006;Griffiths et al, 2013).…”

“…In addition, IMF accumulation is associated with fatty acid lipolysis capacity in LM. HSL and CPT-1 genes are the lipolysis genes, which had been described as good markers for IMF content in LM of Simmental × Yellow breed cattle (Zhang et al, 2015(Zhang et al, , 2016. HSL is the sole enzyme responsible for the removal of the first fatty acid chain from intracellular triglyceride (Holm, Østerlund, Laurell, & Contreras, 2000) that is rate-limiting in triglyceride degradation in all situations in cattle (Kazala et al, 2003).…”

“…Intramuscular fat (IMF), also known as marbling of meat, play an important beef quality trait as it contributes to the flavor, juiciness, and tenderness (Frank et al., ; Piao et al., ). The beef cattle IMF content is affected by some factors such as animal sex (Bednárová et al., ), diet (Zhang et al., , ), and genetic factors (Wu et al., ).The endogenous synthesis of IMF is partly regulated by lipogenic and lipolytic genes in cattle. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), adipose fatty acids‐binding protein (A‐FABP) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD), sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP‐1), and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) are the lipogenic genes involved in biosynthesis of fatty acids (Sohel, Konca, & Cinar, ; Yang et al., ; Zhang et al., ).…”

“…The beef cattle IMF content is affected by some factors such as animal sex (Bednárová et al., ), diet (Zhang et al., , ), and genetic factors (Wu et al., ).The endogenous synthesis of IMF is partly regulated by lipogenic and lipolytic genes in cattle. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), adipose fatty acids‐binding protein (A‐FABP) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD), sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP‐1), and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) are the lipogenic genes involved in biosynthesis of fatty acids (Sohel, Konca, & Cinar, ; Yang et al., ; Zhang et al., ). Hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT‐1) are rate‐limiting enzymes, and changes in their activities and gene expression can alter the rates of degradation of fatty acids (Keung et al., ; Morak et al., ).…”