Dietary Effects on Ruminant Livestock Reproduction with Particular Reference to Protein

Kaur, Harsimran; Arora, Sumit

doi:10.1079/nrr19950009

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…If such a qualitative change in the pattern of gene expression were to occur, and lead to the genesis of a longer neck, it is then likely that this type of change would have passed rapidly through palaeotragine populations between 14 and 12 Mya. Given the vegetative changes occurring during this period, adapting palaeotragine diets to legume browse (including Acacia species) would have exposed these populations to toxins like condensed tannins (CTs), which have demonstrable effects on reproductive system function and embryo survival in ungulates (Kaur & Arora, 1995; Barry & McNabb, 1999). Although the influence of toxins like CTs on gene expression patterns needs further investigation, such a scenario could be a source for rapid change in the length of the cervical vertebral region in the palaeotragines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cervical vertebral column: a heuristic example in understanding evolutionary processes?

Badlangana¹,

Adams²,

Manger³

2009

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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The current study considers the osteological morphology of the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) vertebral column, with emphasis on evaluating both the adaptive and constraining features compared with other ungulates as a heuristic example in understanding evolutionary processes. Vertebral columns of giraffes varying in age from calf to adult were studied in order to understand the potential evolutionary scenarios that might have led to the modern phenotype. Data from the giraffe sample were then compared with the results from several other ungulate species, including the okapi and two species of camelids that also have visibly elongated necks. Our results show that the elongated neck of the modern giraffe appears to specifically result from evolutionary changes affecting the seven cervical vertebrae, independent of the remainder of the vertebral column. The cervical vertebrae comprise over half of the length of the total vertebral column in the giraffe. The increases in cervical vertebrae lengths also appear to be allometrically constrained, with alterations in the overall length of the neck resulting from the elongation of the entire cervical series, rather than from a single vertebra or subset of vertebrae. We place our results in the context of hypotheses concerning the origin and evolution of the giraffe neck, and the evolution of long necks in a broader sense.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cervical vertebral column: a heuristic example in understanding evolutionary processes?

Badlangana¹,

Adams²,

Manger³

2009

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Enjalbert [41] mentioned that reproductive disorders appear only in cases of severe and prolonged nitrogen deficiency although it is rare. Kaur and Arora [42] reported that a low urea levels may reflect a lack of ammonia in the rumen resulting from insufficient protein intake. According to these authors, low intake caused by a lack of nitrogen has long been known in ruminants and had been particularly well studied with low nitrogen fodder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sütçü İneklerde Ovaryum Kistlerinin Tanısı ve Metabolik Profili Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Mimoune¹,

Kaidi²,

Azzouz³

et al. 2017

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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A clinical study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic methods for ovarian cysts (OC), and to determine the metabolic profiles of animals with OC in the region of Mitidja in the North of Algeria. A total of 504 non-pregnant lactating cows were used in this study. Ultrasonography was performed by EXAGO scanner and was combined with assessment of serum P4. Biochemical serum parameters were assayed by spectrophotometry and insulin and cortisol serum measurement was performed by electrochemiluminescence. The results showed an overall incidence of 11.9% of OC. The incidence of OC was higher among cows in third lactation. Holstein breed was the most affected by OC compared with other breeds (P<0.001). There were no effects of average BCS (Body Condition Scoring) and milk production on the incidence of OC (P>0.05). OC were single in 91% of cases. They were found mainly on the right ovary (66.66%). Seasonality had a significant influence on incidence rate of OC with higher incidence rates during winter and spring (71.66%); while, 28.33% of OC were detected during the summer and autumn (P<0.05). OC were associated with low serum concentrations of glucose, insulin and urea as well as high levels of cortisol. Ultrasound examination and progesterone assays were proposed as the most effective diagnostic combination to diagnose OC. In conclusion, in addition to hormonal imbalances, metabolic disorders are involved in the formation and/or persistence of OC. Therefore, the use of metabolic indicators in understanding and exploration of OC is of great interest. Keywords: Cow, Ovarian cyst, Metabolic profile, Ultrasonography Sütçü İneklerde Ovaryum Kistlerinin Tanısı ve Metabolik Profili Üzerine Bir Çalışma ÖzetOvaryum kistlerinin tanısında kullanılan metotları değerlendirmek ve Cazayir'in kuzeyindeki Mitidja bölgesindeki ovaryum kistli hayvanların metabolik profillerini belirlemek amacıyla klinik bir çalışma gerçekleştirildi. Toplam 504 gebe olmayan laktasyondaki inekler bu çalışmada kullanıldı. EXAGO tarayıcı kullanılarak ultrasonografi uygulandı ve serum P4 verileri ile birlikte değerlendirildi. Biyokimyasal serum parametreleri spektrofotometri ile belirlenirken insülin ve kortizol serum ölçümleri elektrokimyasal görüntüleme ile gerçekleştirildi. Ovaryum kist insidansı %11.9 olarak belirlendi. Ovaryum insidansı üçüncü laktasyondaki ineklerde daha fazla oranda tespit edildi. Diğer türler ile karşılaştırıldığında Holstein ırkında ovaryum kisti daha fazla oranda gözlemlendi (P<0.001). Ovaryum kisti üzerine Vücut Kondisyon Skorunun bir etkisi gözlemlenmedi (P>0.05). Ovaryum kisti, vakaların %91'inde tek taraflı olarak tespit edildi. Kistler çoğunlukla (%66.66) sağ ovaryumda yer almaktaydı. Mevsimin ovaryum kistlerinin ortaya çıkmasında önemli bir etkiye neden olduğu, kış ile ilkbahar aylarında (%71.66) insidansın arttığı yaz ve sonbaharda ise düşük seviyede (%28.33) olduğu belirlendi (P<0.05). Ovaryum kistlerinin düşük glukoz, insülin ve üre ile yüksek kortizol serum konsantrasyonları ile ilişkili olduğu belirlendi. Ult...

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“…Peak milk production occurred sooner than the value of 8.5 wk predicted by NRC (1996). Supplementation with UIP during the postpartum period has been shown to increase milk production (Kaur and Arora, 1995). Blasi et al (1991) showed that 230 g/d of UIP supplemented to lactating cows increased milk production, but 340 g/d of UIP decreased milk production.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation to meet metabolizable protein requirements of primiparous beef heifers: I. Performance, forage intake, and nutrient balance1

Patterson

Klopfenstein

Adams

et al. 2003

Journal of Animal Science

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Dietary Effects on Ruminant Livestock Reproduction with Particular Reference to Protein

Cited by 25 publications

References 115 publications

The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cervical vertebral column: a heuristic example in understanding evolutionary processes?

The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cervical vertebral column: a heuristic example in understanding evolutionary processes?

Sütçü İneklerde Ovaryum Kistlerinin Tanısı ve Metabolik Profili Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Supplementation to meet metabolizable protein requirements of primiparous beef heifers: I. Performance, forage intake, and nutrient balance1

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