Dietary Fiber and Intestinal Adaptation

Vahouny, George V.; Cassidy, Marie M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2111-8_13

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…following fibre feeding in rats (Cassidy et al 1981;Vahouny & Cassidy, 1986), and it has also been shown that soluble fibre significantly P , 0´001 increases intestinal length (Jacobs, 1983;Judd & Truswell, 1985;Stark et al 1996). Distinct changes in the intestinal morphology were observed following algal polysaccharide, biomass and pectin diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Soluble polysaccharide and biomass of red microalgaPorphyridiumsp. alter intestinal morphology and reduce serum cholesterol in rats

et al. 2000

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The present study investigated the effects of the red microalga Porphyridium sp. on gastrointestinal physiology and lipid metabolism in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Diets containing dietary fibre from pelleted red microalgal cells (biomass) or their sulfated polysaccharide, pectin or cellulose (control) were fed to rats for a period of 30 d. All three fibre-supplemented diets increased the length of both the small intestine and colon, with a significantly greater effect in rats fed the algal polysaccharide. The polysaccharide also increased mucosa and muscularis cross-sectional area of the jejunum, and caused hypertrophy in the muscularis layer. The algal biomass significantly lowered gastrointestinal transit time by 44 % in comparison with the control rats. Serum and mucosal cholecystokinin levels were lower in rats on the pectin and polysaccharide diets, while cholecystokinin levels in rats fed algal biomass were not different from those in the control animals. In comparison with the control diet, all the experimental diets significantly lowered serum cholesterol levels (22–29 %). Feeding of non-fermentable algal polysaccharide or biomass significantly increased faecal weight and bile acid excretion compared with pectin-fed or control rats. The algal polysaccharide and biomass were thus shown to be potent hypocholesterolaemic agents active at low concentrations in the diet. Both metabolic and morphological changes were observed following consumption of algae, suggesting several possible mechanisms by which the alga affects lipid metabolism. The results presented in the present study encourage the use of red microalga as a functional food.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Soluble polysaccharide and biomass of red microalgaPorphyridiumsp. alter intestinal morphology and reduce serum cholesterol in rats

et al. 2000

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“…Maltase and sucrase serve as villus cell marker enzymes (26) . Some studies have indicated that insoluble dietary fibers such as cellulose and bran have no effect on brush-border enzymes, and the effects of soluble dietary fibers such as pectin are less straightforward and often contradictory (27) .…”

Section: Effects Of Diets On Plasma and Liver Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibers on Lipid Metabolism and Activities of Intestinal Disaccharidases in Rats.

Choi

Cho

Kim

et al. 1998

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe present study was aimed to investigate the effects of indigestible dextrin and polydextrose, soluble dietary fibers with low molecular weight, on lipid metabolism and disaccharidase activities of intestinal mucosa in rats fed a high sucrose diet. Their effects were compared with those of well-known soluble fibers, pectin, and guar gum, and also with an insoluble fiber, cellulose. Dietary fibers added to diets at the 5% (w w) level were a-cellulose, pectin, guar gum, indigestible dextrin, and polydextrose. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given free access to test diets for 6 weeks. Body weight gain was the lowest in rats fed guar gum, the highest in rats fed cellulose, and in-between in rats fed other diets. Although guar gum, pectin, and indigestible feeding dextrin had lower plasma lipid values than cellulose feeding did, the differences were statistically insignificant. Liver triglyceride of the guar gum-fed group was about a third that of the cellulose-fed group, but although those of rats fed polydextrose, indigestible dextrin, and pectin were lower than that of cellulose, the differences were insignificant. Liver cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations were similar among groups. Daily fecal excretion of total lipid, cholesterol, and bile acids were highest in rats fed guar gum, followed by pectin-fed and cellulose-fed rats, and the lowest in rats fed indigestible dextrin and polydextrose. Jejunal sucrase activity was low in the order of guar-gum, polydextrose, indigestible dextrin, pectin, and cellulose. The results indicate that the hypolipidemic effect of soluble dietary fibers would be lessened with reduction in molecular weight, but that the lower sucrase activity by soluble fibers with low molecular weight might be beneficial for hypoglycemic effect.

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“…However, the effect of dietary fi ber on the activities of the BBM enzymes has not been clarified [1]. The activities of the BBM enzymes, especially those of the disaccharidases, are reported to be influenced by the composition and amount of diet [2] or fasting [3] and to have daily rhythmic changes [4] as well as proximal-to-distal vari ations in the small intestine [5], We specu late that a pectin, a soluble dietary fiber, affects the proximal and distal intestine dif ferently.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Pectin, a Soluble Dietary Fiber, on Functional and Morphological Parameters of the Small Intestine in Rats

Chun¹,

Bamba²,

Hosoda³

1989

Digestion

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We investigated the effects of pectin, a soluble dietary fiber, on functional and morphological parameters of the small intestine in rats. A control group and a pectin-fed group were given a fiber-free elemental liquid diet and an elemental liquid diet containing 2.5% (w/w) pectin, respectively, for 2 weeks. The ileal mucosal specific activities of maltase, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase increased significantly in the pectin-fed group. Maltose absorption of the ileum, studied in vitro by the method of everted sacs and disaccharide-dependent potential difference, increased significantly in the pectin-fed group. The length of the small intestine as well as the villus height and crypt depth of both the jejunum and the ileum were significantly greater in the pectin-fed group. The crypt cell production rate of the jejunum and the ileum was also significantly greater in the pectin-fed group. Plasma enteroglucagon, but not gastrin, increased significantly in the pectin-fed group. These data suggest that pectin feeding results in hyperplasia of the small-intestinal mucosa and a significant increase in the enzyme activities of the brush border membrane of the ileum.

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Dietary Fiber and Intestinal Adaptation

Cited by 27 publications

References 63 publications

Soluble polysaccharide and biomass of red microalgaPorphyridiumsp. alter intestinal morphology and reduce serum cholesterol in rats

Soluble polysaccharide and biomass of red microalgaPorphyridiumsp. alter intestinal morphology and reduce serum cholesterol in rats

Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibers on Lipid Metabolism and Activities of Intestinal Disaccharidases in Rats.

Effect of Pectin, a Soluble Dietary Fiber, on Functional and Morphological Parameters of the Small Intestine in Rats

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