Dietary n‐3 fatty acids reduce the delayed hypersensitivity reaction and antibody production more than n‐6 fatty acids in broiler birds

Abstract

Dietary n-3 fatty acids reduce the delayed hypersensitivity reaction and antibody production more than n-6 fatty acids in broiler birdsThe splenocyte fatty acid profile and immune response of broiler chickens were investigated. One hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were fed diets containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (Diet I), sunflower oil (Diet II), flaxseed oil (Diet III) or fish oil (Diet IV). The total lipid content of the diets was 3.5%. Body weight and feed intake was higher (P <0.05) in Diet IV compared to Diets I, II and III. Birds fed Diet III and IV had a higher content of n-3 fatty acids in splenocytes than those fed Diets I and II. Serum anti-BSA immunoglobulin content was higher (P <0.05) in birds fed Diets III and IV, compared to those fed Diets I and II. Delayed type hypersensitivity response, measured as the wing web skin swelling reaction (thickness) to Mycobacterium butyricum injection (s.c.), increased (P <0.05) from 0.71 and 0.98 mm in Diets IV and III, respectively, to 1.19 and 1.41 mm in Diets I and II, respectively. The number of CD4 + and CD8 + blood lymphocytes and CD4 + , CD8 + and IgM + splenocytes did not differ (P >0.05) between treatment groups. N-3 fatty acids increased production performances and antibody mediated responses, while n-6 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid increased cell mediated responses in broiler birds.

Effects of dietary fish oil on NF_κB gene expression and related signaling in spleen of chickens stimulated with lipopolysaccharide

“…IP 3 is the abbreviation of inositol triphosphate DISCUSSION In our study, there was no significant interaction in splenocytes fatty acids profile between the first LPS injection and fish oil or maize oil, but LPS stimulation had dramatic effects on splenocytes AA in chickens (Table 2). This result goes against previous studies (Selvaraj and Cherian, 2004;Wiesenfeld et al, 2005). The effects of dietary oils on changes of fatty acids composition of splenocytes was not greatly significant compared with the culturing lymphocytes in the medium supplemented with fatty acids (Yaqoob et al, 1995).…”

The relationship between dietary fat sources and immune response in poultry and pigs: An updated review

“…Increased anti-BSA immunoglobulin serum content, reduced delayedtype hypersensitivity response (swelling reaction of the wing web skin to M. butyricum antigen), as well as improved growth performance in birds fed diets with linseed or fish oil Selvaraj and Cherian (2004a) Maize, poultry, or fish oil (4.5% in the diet) Broiler chickens Immune function in cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed chickens Ameliorated immunosuppression, i.e., enhanced anti-NDV titres, lysozyme activity, and performance, as well as reduced production of prostaglandin 2 (PGE2), in birds fed diets with fish oil He et al (2007) Maize or fish oil (4.5% in the diet) Broiler chickens Immune response following LPS challenge Fish oil alleviated inflammatory response, i.e., reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (of IL-6, TNF-α), alleviated the mRNA abundance elevation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), reduced lymphocyte proliferation, and improved feed conversion efficiency. Yang et al (2008) Fish oil (0%, 1.5%, 3%, or 6% in the diet) Broiler chickens…”

“…At the same time, proliferative responses to concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen were significantly lower, and eicosanoid production by isolated immune cells was reduced, in chicks fed diets containing oils rich in n-3 PUFAs (Fritsche et al, 1991a;Fritsche and Cassity, 1992). Selvaraj and Cherian (2004a) showed increased anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) immunoglobulin concentrations in blood, as well as reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity response, measured as the swelling reaction of the wing web skin to M. butyricum antigen, in broiler chickens fed diets containing rich n-3 PUFAs sources (linseed or fish oil). This modulating influence of oils rich in n-3 PUFAs was due to reduced synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced antigen-presenting cell activity, and was positively reflected, at least in the case of fish oil, in feed intake and body weight gains (Selvaraj and Cherian, 2004a).…”

“…Selvaraj and Cherian (2004a) showed increased anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) immunoglobulin concentrations in blood, as well as reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity response, measured as the swelling reaction of the wing web skin to M. butyricum antigen, in broiler chickens fed diets containing rich n-3 PUFAs sources (linseed or fish oil). This modulating influence of oils rich in n-3 PUFAs was due to reduced synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced antigen-presenting cell activity, and was positively reflected, at least in the case of fish oil, in feed intake and body weight gains (Selvaraj and Cherian, 2004a). Similar positive changes in immune response were observed by these same authors in laying hens fed diets containing rapeseed and linseed or fish oil; however, these effects were not reflected in feed intake (Selvaraj and Cherian, 2004b).…”

Fish oil increases raft size and membrane order of B cells accompanied by differential effects on function

“…It is possible that increased B-cell activation could have potential clinical utility, especially in terms of antibody production. A few labs have studied the impact of FO on antibody production with mixed results (46)(47)(48)(49). Altogether, these data highlighted the notion that FO is not universally immunosuppressive.…”