Dietary intake of vegetables and fruits among adults in five regions of Spain

Agudo, Antonio; Amiano, Pilar; Barcos, Ana; Barricarte, Aurelio; Beguiristain, J M Bastero; Chirlaque, M D; Dorronsoro, Miren; González, Carlos A.; Lasheras, Cristina; Martínez, Carmen; Navarro, Carmen; Pera, Guillem; Quiŕos, J. Ramón; Rodríguez, Mauricio; Tormo, María José

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600694

Cited by 46 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, in most countries the centres were selected bearing in mind the main purpose of the EPIC study: namely, the identification of cancer cases. Thus, although for some centres or countries it has been shown that our population has the same characteristics as populations with the same age -sex structure 14 , results shown here should not be considered as being representative at the country level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Consumption of vegetables, fruit and other plant foods in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohorts from 10 European countries

Agudo

Slimani

Ocké

et al. 2002

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To describe and compare the consumption of the main groups and subgroups of vegetables and fruits (V&F) in men and women from the centres participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Dietary intake was assessed by means of a 24-hour dietary recall using computerised interview software and standardised procedures. Crude and adjusted means were computed for the main groups and sub-groups of V&F by centre, separately for men and women. Adjusted means by season, day of the week and age were estimated using weights and covariance analysis. Setting: Twenty-seven centres in 10 European countries participating in the EPIC project. Subjects: In total, 35 955 subjects (13 031 men and 22 924 women), aged 35 -74 years, randomly selected from each EPIC cohort. Results: The centres from southern countries had the highest consumption of V&F, while the lowest intake was seen in The Netherlands and Scandinavia for both genders. These differences were more evident for fruits, particularly citrus. However, slightly different patterns arose for some sub-groups of vegetables, such as root vegetables and cabbage. Adjustment for body mass index, physical activity, smoking habits and education did not substantially modify the mean intakes of vegetables and fruits. Conclusions: Total vegetable and fruit intake follows a south-north gradient in both genders, whereas for several sub-groups of vegetables a different geographic distribution exists. Differences in mean intake of V&F by centre were not explained by lifestyle factors associated with V&F intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Consumption of vegetables, fruit and other plant foods in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohorts from 10 European countries

Agudo

Slimani

Ocké

et al. 2002

Public Health Nutr.

Self Cite

202

172

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“…Mean intake of total vegetables (excluding potatoes) and fruit was much lower in Ireland than in Spain 46 and Italy 47 but comparable to that in other countries. Intake of potatoes was similar to that in the UK 22 but higher than in other European countries for which data are reported 20,21,42 -47 .…”

Section: Contribution Of Vegetables and Fruit To Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 91%

The importance of composite foods for estimates of vegetable and fruit intakes

O′Brien

Kiely

Galvin

et al. 2003

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To evaluate the contribution of composite foods to vegetable and fruit intakes in Irish adults and to compliance with dietary guidelines for vegetable and fruit intake. Design: Data were analysed from the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey of 18-64-year-old adults (n ¼ 1379; 662 men, 717 women), which used a 7-day food diary to estimate food intake. ). The mean daily intakes of vegetables, fruit and potatoes from composite foods were 37 g (26%), 6 g (5%) and 17 g (7%), respectively. The mean intake of vegetables from composite foods was unrelated to age or gender, but increased with increasing social class and level of education attained. The proportions of men and women meeting the recommendation for $ 400 g day 21 (5 servings of 80 g per day) of vegetables and fruit were 21% (15% excluding composite foods) and 19% (12% excluding composite foods), respectively. Compliance with the dietary recommendation decreased with decreasing levels of educational attainment and social class. Conclusion: Intakes of vegetables and fruit are low compared with current dietary recommendations, particularly in those of lower levels of educational attainment and social class. Composite foods are an important source of vegetables (less importantly of fruit) and should be included when estimating vegetable intakes. Failure to do so may result in bias in estimates of intake and of compliance with dietary guidelines for population groups, as well as misclassification of individuals by level of intake.

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“…We have already reported on fruit and vegetable intake in Spain (Agudo et al, 1999), showing a high consumption of vegetables as a whole, although intake of cabbage and other foods of the genus Brassica was relatively low. The aim of this study is to assess the amount and types of cruciferous vegetables as well as the intake of glucosinolates in the adult Spanish population, and its relationship with some demographic and lifestyle factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Consumption of cruciferous vegetables and glucosinolates in a Spanish adult population

et al. 2007

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Objective: To assess the intake of glucosinolates and cruciferous vegetables among Spanish adults. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study. Setting: The Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Subjects: We analysed data from 40 684 men and women aged 35-64 years from the EPIC-Spain cohort. The usual diet was assessed by means of the dietary history method, and glucosinolate intake was calculated using a published food composition database. Results: The average intake of cruciferous vegetables was 11.3 g/day, accounting for about 5% of total vegetable consumption, whereas the daily intake of total glucosinolates was 6.5 mg, among which 35% were of indole type. The absolute intake of glucosinolates was in average higher in men than in women (6.8 vs 6.2 mg/day), whereas glucosinolate density per energy unit was higher in women's diet (3.4 vs 2.7 mg/4200 kJ). Northern regions consumed in average 36% more glucosinolates than Southern regions (7.3 vs 5.4 mg/day). There was a positive association of glucosinolate intake with body mass index, physical activity, educational level and an inverse relationship with alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Contrary to the pattern seen for total vegetable intake, our estimate of consumption of cruciferous vegetables, and hence of glucosinolates, is relatively low within Europe, which in turn is lower than in North America and several Asian populations.

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Dietary intake of vegetables and fruits among adults in five regions of Spain

Cited by 46 publications

References 13 publications

Consumption of vegetables, fruit and other plant foods in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohorts from 10 European countries

Consumption of vegetables, fruit and other plant foods in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohorts from 10 European countries

The importance of composite foods for estimates of vegetable and fruit intakes

Consumption of cruciferous vegetables and glucosinolates in a Spanish adult population

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