Dietary linoleic acid, immune inhibition and disease

Sammon, Alastair M.

doi:10.1136/pgmj.75.881.129

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Similar to our model, adult rats subjected to protein malnutrition during early lactation were unable to induce an acute inflammatory response against a specific antigen, with a dramatic reduction in leukocyte adhesion and down-regulation in the expression of endothelial ICAM-1 (31). As previously reported, these alterations may be linked to the increased levels of PGE2 observed in animals and humans subjected to protein malnutrition (9,12,13).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The known biological activities of PGE 2 suggest several mechanisms by which it may modulate the immune system, inducing immunosuppression and progression of infectious agents such as Candida albicans (7)(8)(9) . In kwashiorkor, a diet-associated elevation of PGE 2 has been suggested as the main cause of infections in children by depressing cellular immunity ( 12,13 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Effect of Early Protein Malnutrition on Growth Curve, Hematological Parameters and Macrophage Function of Rats

Prestes-Carneiro

Laraya

Silva

et al. 2006

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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SummaryTo evaluate the long-term effect of mild-early maternal protein malnutrition on weight gain, hematological parameters and macrophage function in rats at adult age, we compared rats whose dams were fed diets containing either 9.5% (low protein-LPD) or 23% protein (normal-NPD) for the first 12 d of lactation. At 80 d of age, the functions of spreading, phagocytosis and killing Candida albicans were determined in resident peritoneal macrophages, whereas leukocytes and red blood cells were counted in peripheral blood. The number of resident peritoneal macrophages from LPD was the same as from NPD, but the ability of spreading and phagocytosing opsonised yeast was impaired. Besides, they were not able to block the germ tube formation or kill C. albicans to the same extent as in the control group. The low protein diet produced a significant reduction in the pups' growth and in hematological parameters although no difference was found in leukocyte counts. Taken together the data suggest that protein malnutrition during early lactation induces permanent alterations in macrophage function, body composition and hematological status, which are not restored completely even after a normal protein diet is supplied.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effect of Early Protein Malnutrition on Growth Curve, Hematological Parameters and Macrophage Function of Rats

Prestes-Carneiro

Laraya

Silva

et al. 2006

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…The increase in morbidity is likely because of the decline in immunity caused by changes in the environment and diet (1). In addition, the advent of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis is also a cause of the return of tuberculosis (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D-Cycloserine (D-4-amino-3-isoxazolidone (DCS) 1 ), which is a cyclic structural analogue of D-alanine (D-Ala) and is produced by Streptomyces garyphalus and Streptomyces lavendulae, is a clinical medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis. The antibiotic is an effective anti-mycobacterial agent, but it is rarely prescribed and is used only in combined therapies because of its serious side effects (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-protection Mechanism in d-Cycloserine-producing Streptomyces lavendulae

Noda

Kawahara

Ichikawa

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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An antibiotic, D-cycloserine (DCS), inhibits the catalytic activities of alanine racemase (ALR) and D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase (DDL), which are necessary for the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall. In this study, we cloned both genes encoding ALR and DDL, designated alrS and ddlS, respectively, from DCS-producing Streptomyces lavendulae ATCC25233. Each gene product was purified to homogeneity and characterized. Escherichia coli, transformed with a pET vector carrying alrS or ddlS, displays higher resistance to DCS than the same host carrying the E. coli ALR-or DDL-encoded gene inserted into the pET vector. Although the S. lavendulae DDL was competitively inhibited by DCS, the K i value (920 M) was obviously higher (40ϳ100-fold) than those for E. coli DdlA (9 M) or DdlB (27 M). The high K i value of the S. lavendulae DDL suggests that the enzyme may be a self-resistance determinant in the DCS-producing microorganism. Kinetic studies for the S. lavendulae ALR suggest that the time-dependent inactivation rate of the enzyme by DCS is absolutely slower than that of the E. coli ALR. We conclude that ALR from DCS-producing S. lavendulae is also one of the self-resistance determinants.

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“…Increased tissue production of prostaglandin E 2 as a result of high intake of linoleic acid in a polyunsaturated fatty acid deficient diet, causes inhibition of the proliferation and cytokine production of Th1 cells, the mediators of cellular immunity. 10 Diet-associated inhibition of the Th1 subset is a major contributor to the high prevalence of these diseases in sub-Saharan areas.…”

Section: Nutritional Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The beneficial effects of spirulina focusing on its immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties

Ravi¹,

De²,

Azharuddin³

et al. 2010

NDS

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Spirulina, linking bacteria and plants is primitive, has a simple structure but a complex composition. It has been a common dietary substance around the world from ancient times. Although dietary usage and supplementation continues to be popular, there was for a long time no strong scientific evidence of spirulina's nutritive and health benefits. In recent years, spirulina has attracted scientific attention, not only for its various health benefits, but also at a micro level of understanding the mechanisms of action of its various components. From being a 'complete' protein source, spirulina and its components have been shown to have positive benefit across a range of human health indications from malnutrition to antioxidant properties. These reports come from in vitro, animal and human studies. Although, few adverse effects of spirulina supplementation have been reported, most of these can be addressed by 'organic' production, good culture, harvest and processing practices along with its careful usage in specific conditions such as metabolic disorders. Case reports on effects of spirulina supplementations are many and with a larger evidence base of scientific validation studies, spirulina has the potential to be accepted by global accreditation/certification/approval authorities as a safe nutritional and dietary supplement.

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Dietary linoleic acid, immune inhibition and disease

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

Long-Term Effect of Early Protein Malnutrition on Growth Curve, Hematological Parameters and Macrophage Function of Rats

Long-Term Effect of Early Protein Malnutrition on Growth Curve, Hematological Parameters and Macrophage Function of Rats

Self-protection Mechanism in d-Cycloserine-producing Streptomyces lavendulae

The beneficial effects of spirulina focusing on its immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties

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