Dietary macronutrients modulate the fatty acyl composition of rat liver mitochondrial cardiolipins

Abstract

Supplementary key words mitochondria • ubiquinones • saturated fatty acids • trans fatty acids • monounsaturated fatty acids • polyunsaturated fatty acids • glycemic index • lipidomicsCardiolipins (CLs) are a subclass of phospholipids unique to mitochondria. Each CL is a dimeric phospholipid consisting of two phosphatidyl head groups, connected on a glycerol backbone, and four fatty acyl chains ( 1-3 ). Unlike most membrane phospholipids, CLs are predominantly found in the mitochondrial inner membrane and at contact sites between the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane. CLs comprise ‫ف‬ 25% of total phospholipids in the mitochondrial inner membrane ( 1-3 ). Mammalian CL has been reported to contain primarily ( ‫ف‬ 85%) 18:2 (linoleic) acyl side chains ( 2, 4, 5 ) that mediate the high affi nity of CL to inner mitochondrial membrane proteins ( 3, 6, 7 ).CLs play multiple key roles in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism ( 2, 3, 8-10 ). These functions include maintenance of proper mitochondrial quaternary structure, regulation of essential enzymatic activities involved in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, and assembly of respiratory supercomplexes. In particular, CL is required for the proper functioning of mitochondrial respiratory complexes I, III, IV (cytochrome oxidase), ATP synthase ( 6,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), cardiolipin synthase ( 20 ), and several transporters in the inner mitochondrial membrane [e.g., the ADP/ATP translocator ( 10, 18, 21 ), phosphate transporter ( 22 ), pyruvate transporter ( 23 ), and carnitine/ acylcarnitine carrier ( 24 )

Dietary fat and fiber interactively modulate apoptosis and mitochondrial bioenergetic profiles in mouse colon in a site-specific manner

“…These findings suggest that the colonic phospholipid remodeling mechanisms involving deacylation-reacylation and transacylation via tafazzin (Schlame, 2013; Ren et al, 2014) actively exclude long chain n-3 PUFA. This is consistent with recent substrate specificity findings, where the transacylation activity of tafazzin was highest for linoleoyl groups, and negligible for arachidonoyl groups in Drosophila (Xu 2006) and n-3 PUFA in rat liver (Stavrovskaya et al, 2013). Interestingly, acyl-CoA:lysocardiolipin acylytansferase 1 (ALCAT1) has been reported to play an important role in cardiolipin remodeling (Yamashita et al, 2014).…”

Plasma Tocopherols and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT)

“…Medical records were abstracted for diagnostic method and clinical stage, and prostate tissue with corresponding pathology reports were sent for central pathology review, diagnostic confirmation, and Gleason score determination (2). A total of 1,856 prostate cancer cases serving as the primary endpoints were identified through June, 2009, including 1,746 with plasma available for tocopherol, phospholipid (18,19), and other analyses. A sub-cohort, representative of the SELECT participants, was then created a priori as the comparison group for all biomarker studies of prostate cancer and other endpoints.…”

Wilson disease: At the crossroads between genetics and epigenetics—A review of the evidence

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