Dietary probiotic supplementation modulated gut microbiota and improved growth of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Assessment of the potential of the multi‐enzyme producer Bacillus amyloliquefaciens US573 as alternative feed additive

“…Antibiotics have been widely supplemented in broiler rations at subtherapeutic levels for long periods of time to enhance health and meat production . However, in recent years, we assisted a worldwide tendency to ban the use of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production due to social concern about the development of pathogen resistance . As a result, it was deemed essential to develop economically viable alternatives that support optimal health and growth performance, such as beneficial live microorganisms termed probiotics or direct‐fed microbials (DFM).…”

Effect of diet supplementation with a commercial probiotic containingPediococcus acidilactici(Lindner, 1887) on the expression of five quality markers in zebrafish (Danio rerio(Hamilton, 1822)) testis

“…Previous studies have focused on the effect of this probiotic on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth rate (Aubin et al, 2005;Merrifield et al, 2010;Ramos et al, 2013), immunity assays in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Ferguson et al, 2010;Standen et al, 2013) or antioxidant effect on blue shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris) under infection challenge (Castex et al, 2010). Previous studies have focused on the effect of this probiotic on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth rate (Aubin et al, 2005;Merrifield et al, 2010;Ramos et al, 2013), immunity assays in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Ferguson et al, 2010;Standen et al, 2013) or antioxidant effect on blue shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris) under infection challenge (Castex et al, 2010).…”

Microbial interactions in the fish gut

“…Dosage and duration of probiotic supplementation may influence colonization success, but the persistence of the probiotic after entering the gut remains largely a black box. Possible factors influencing persistence include the probiotic species, the host species, environmental factors and the developmental stage of the fish (Pérez et al, 2010;Ramos et al, 2013;Standen et al, 2015). Following a similar approach as in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), (Khoruts and Sadowsky, 2011), transmitting donor phenotypes of interest could help us understand the mechanisms of colonization and persistence of microbial transplants in the recipient gut.…”

“…The main drawbacks of probiotic use are related to low survival and proliferation rate inside the fish gut (Gatesoupe, 1999;Grześkowiak et al, 2012). Important gaps in knowledge regarding selection criteria and colonization potential of single vs. multistrain probiotics (Pérez et al, 2010;Ramos et al, 2013), as well as competitive exclusion of the probiotic strain in the gut still exist (Martínez Cruz et al, 2012). Tackling such issues will require studies of model organisms where potentially confounding variables (host genotype) can be constrained by using for example inbred fish strains or clone lines.…”

“…Furthermore, the probiotic supplemented feed was administered to adult tilapia for eight weeks, whereas here, B. subtilis was administered to axenic tilapia larvae for one week. The dosage and duration of supplementation and the selection of the probiotic strain/s might influence colonization success, and the persistence of the probiotic might also depend on the developmental state of the animal (Pérez et al, 2010;Ramos et al, 2013;Gerritsen et al, 2011).…”