Dietary supplementation of garlic (Allium sativum) to prevent Acanthocephala infection in aquaculture

Abstract

This study showed the uses of garlic (Allium sativum) supplemented feed on Clarias batrachus for the judgment of garlic potential against Acanthocephala. Garlic allicin content (an active component of garlic) worked for C. batrachus to inhibit infection by Acanthocephala. Four garlic supplemented diets (50, 100 150 and 200 ml/kg) of different concentrations and a non-supplemented control diet were fed to C. batrachus for three months. Long-term (90 days) supplementation with garlic significantly reduced infection success by up to 80% as compared to controls and did not negatively affect palatability of the feed, Specific Growth Rate (SGR) (3.60±0.13) and Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) (2.33±0.38). Infection success was not influenced by short-term (30 days) supplementation suggesting that a delayed host response must occur to improve resistance to infection [prevalence (71%, 35%) and intensity (0.8, 0.5)] and 60 days conditioning period showed reduction of parasite respectively [prevalence (75%, 25%) and intensity (1, 0.6). Incorporation of garlic into a pressure-extruded pellet was found to be an effective method of delivery as only minimal leaching of allicin from the diet occurred (˂ 3% of allicin detected) during the interval of water contact between delivery and consumption. This study demonstrates that garlic extract (200 mL/kg) administered as a dietary supplement is one of the most practical methods to prevent Acanthocephala infection in Aquaculture.

Therapeutic efficacy and bioaccumulation of albendazole in the treatment of tambaqui ( Colossoma macropomum ) parasitized by acanthocephalan ( Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae )

“…It should be mentioned that Zuskova et al (2018) F I G U R E 3 Bioaccumulation of albendazole (ABZ) and its metabolites (ABZSO, ABZSO 2 , ABZ-2-NH 2 SO 2 ) individually and total residue (sum of ABZ residues and its metabolites) in the target tissue (muscle plus skin in natural proportions) of tambaqui submitted to doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg kg −1 bw (IWP 10, IWP 20 and IWP 30, respectively), at the time points analysed (7, 14, 28 and 35 days). Vertical bars correspond to the standard error also reported 80% efficacy in reducing acanthocephalans in Clarias batrachus (Rosny et al, 2016). Feitoza-Silva ( 2019) reported a reduction in the intensity of N. buttnerae infection in tambaqui by administration of 500 mg kg −1 bw of levamisole for 15 and 30 days through the feed.…”

Unveiling the effect of dietary essential oils supplementation in Sparus aurata gills and its efficiency against the infestation by Sparicotyle chrysophrii

“…Garlic is known for its wide-spectrum of antimicrobial activity that is attributed to allicin and ajoene, which exert multiple inhibitory effects on thiol-dependent enzymatic systems 104 . Similarly, garlic-based treatments demonstrated to be particularly effective in the fight against monogeneans and other parasites 18,105,106 . Farmed barramundi fed diets containing a garlic extract (50 and 150 mL kg −1 ) for 30 days showed a reduction of Neobenedenia sp.…”

The genome, transcriptome, and proteome of the fish parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis (Acanthocephala)

“…It is obvious that a better knowledge of the molecular basis of acanthocephalan pathogenicity might provide starting points for the development of new drugs to control them. In fact, due to their low specificity, the use of established anthelminthics poses risks for the environment and consumers [25,[37][38][39][40], a deficit that the alternatives proposed so far do not overcome [9,30,36,41].…”