Dietary Supplementation with Flammulina velutipes Stem Waste on Growth Performance, Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids and Serum Profile in Weaned Piglets

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary FVS supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, biochemical profile of serum and fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in weaned piglets. In Exp.1, 150 weaned pigs (initial body weight: 6.89 ± 1.17 kg) were allotted to five dietary treatments. The treatment diets included a basal diet and four experimental diets supplemented with 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% FVS respectively. The animal trial lasted for 28 days. In Exp.2, 72 piglets (initial body weight: 8.20 ± 1.67 kg) were allotted to three dietary treatments. The treatment diets included a basal diet and two experimental diets supplemented with 1.5% and 3.0% FVS, respectively. The animal trial lasted for 56 days. The results showed that pigs fed dietary FVS with 3% or lower inclusion levels had no significant difference (p > 0.10) on growth performance compared with pigs fed the control diet during day 1–28 and day 1–56. Dietary FVS supplementation decreased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients on day 28, day 35 and day 56, but no significant changes (p > 0.05) of nutrient digestibility were observed on day 14. Although piglets fed diets with higher levels of FVS showed impaired growth performance and ATTD of nutrients, dietary FVS supplementation improved the fecal SCFA production, antioxidant capacity, interleukin-2 and growth hormone levels in serum, and reduced the harmful low-density lipoprotein levels in serum on day 56. In conclusion, as a promising alternative fibrous ingredient, FVS could be supplemented in diets of weaned piglets with a proportion under 3%.

Determination of the available energy values and amino acid digestibility of Flammulina velutipes stem waste and its effects on carcass trait and meat quality fed to growing-finishing pigs

“…Liu et al [2] demonstrated that 2.5% FVS inclusion in diets had no negative effects on growth performance but impared ATTD of nutrients in piglets, which were similar to the reults in growing-finishing pigs in the current study except for the ADFI results. Song et al [34] reported that dietary inclusion with fermented oyster mushroom byproducts decreased ADG in finishing pigs.…”

“…The by-product of FV -Flammulina velutipes stem waste (FVS), has also been produced in large amounts, and the common direct disposal of FVS turned out to be a great threat to our environment and also a huge waste of resources. According to the previous investagation, the average processing cost (mainly due to the electricity consumption) of the FVS powder in China was 43 dollars per ton, while the cost of the raw materials (crude FVS) is almost negligible at present [2]. Thus, the moderate inclusion of FVS in animal diets could greatly reduce the feed cost.…”

Flammulina velutipes stem regulates oxidative damage and synthesis of yolk precursors in aging laying hens by regulating the liver–blood–ovary axis

“…The F. velutipes stem ( FVS ), which is the base of the stalk, is often a waste product in production of the mushroom. Using it as a feed additive not only regulates the immune function, intestinal flora, and lipid metabolism of laying hens and broilers but also avoids environmental pollution due to its incineration or use in landfills ( Mahfuz et al, 2019a ; Liu et al., 2020b ). A study by Nguepi Tsopmejio et al (2021) in our laboratory found that golden needle mushroom improved intestinal inflammation and antioxidant factors in mice through the NF-κB and Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathways.…”

Effects of a new fermented soya bean meal on growth performance, serum biochemistry profile, intestinal immune status and digestive enzyme activities in piglets

“…Piglets and feed were weighed at the beginning, mid‐stage, and the end of the feeding trial to determine the average daily feed intake (ADFI), the ADG, and gain to feed ratio (G/F). The diarrhoea rate was calculated following the formula: Diarrhoea rates (%) =100 × [(Number of pigs showed clinical signs of diarrhoea/Total number of piglets in each pen)/Total trial days] (Liu et al, 2020a).…”