Dietary supplements: International legal framework and adulteration profiles, and characteristics of products on the Brazilian clandestine market

Neves, Diana Brito da Justa; Caldas, Eloísa Dutra

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.06.013

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Similar figures have been reported by the European Union Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (Da Justa Neves and Caldas, ). Adulterated dietary supplements have been associated with serious adverse effects on humans such as stroke, acute liver injury, kidney failure, pulmonary emboli and heart palpitations (Da Justa Neves and Caldas, ), and deaths have been reported. PDE5 inhibitors, sibutramine and fenfluramine, found in dietary supplements have led people to be hospitalized (Calahan et al , ).…”

Section: Adulteration With Synthetic Drugssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The USA FDA reported 572 cases of adulteration from 2007 to 2014, mainly in products claimed to enhance sexual performance (238 entries) and for weight loss (228 entries). Synthetic drugs used as dopants included PDE5 inhibitors, sibutramine, fenfluramine and rimonabant (Da Justa Neves and Caldas, ). Similar figures have been reported by the European Union Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (Da Justa Neves and Caldas, ).…”

Section: Adulteration With Synthetic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synthetic drugs used as dopants included PDE5 inhibitors, sibutramine, fenfluramine and rimonabant (Da Justa Neves and Caldas, ). Similar figures have been reported by the European Union Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (Da Justa Neves and Caldas, ). Adulterated dietary supplements have been associated with serious adverse effects on humans such as stroke, acute liver injury, kidney failure, pulmonary emboli and heart palpitations (Da Justa Neves and Caldas, ), and deaths have been reported.…”

Section: Adulteration With Synthetic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Principles of pharmacological research of nutraceuticals

Andrew

Izzo

2017

British J Pharmacology

142

114

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Section: Adulteration With Synthetic Drugssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Adulteration With Synthetic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adulteration With Synthetic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Principles of pharmacological research of nutraceuticals

Andrew

Izzo

2017

British J Pharmacology

142

114

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“…However, this assumption may not always hold true. Adulteration of pCMs and health products with undeclared agents, including prescription drugs, drug analogues and banned drugs, has been reported . Potentially fatal adverse effects could result from the use of these illicit products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adulteration of proprietary Chinese medicines and health products with undeclared drugs: experience of a tertiary toxicology laboratory in Hong Kong

Ching

Chen

Lee

et al. 2017

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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Aims Proprietary Chinese medicines (pCMs) and health products, generally believed to be natural and safe, are gaining popularity worldwide. However, the safety of pCMs and health products has been severely compromised by the practice of adulteration. The current study aimed to examine the problem of adulteration of pCMs and health products in Hong Kong. Methods The present study was conducted in a tertiary referral clinical toxicology laboratory in Hong Kong. All cases involving the use of pCMs or health products, which were subsequently confirmed to contain undeclared adulterants, from 2005 to 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Results A total of 404 cases involving the use of 487 adulterated pCMs or health products with a total of 1234 adulterants were identified. The adulterants consisted of approved drugs, banned drugs, drug analogues and animal thyroid tissue. The six most common categories of adulterants detected were nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (17.7%), anorectics (15.3%), corticosteroids (13.8%), diuretics and laxatives (11.4%), oral antidiabetic agents (10.0%) and erectile dysfunction drugs (6.0%). Sibutramine was the most common adulterant (n = 155). The reported sources of these illicit products included over‐the‐counter drug stores, the internet and Chinese medicine practitioners. A significant proportion of patients (65.1%) had adverse effects attributable to these illicit products, including 14 severe and two fatal cases. Psychosis, iatrogenic Cushing syndrome and hypoglycaemia were the three most frequently encountered adverse effects. Conclusions Adulteration of pCMs and health products with undeclared drugs poses severe health hazards. Public education and effective regulatory measures are essential to address the problem.

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“…There is no compatible regulation for WPFS between countries (Neves & Caldas, 2015), and the absence of a specific regulation and better monitoring in the manufacturing process of food supplements, may result in incompatibilities related to the label and content (Andrade et al, 2019;Parra et al, 2011). These mismatches could be related to the quantities of nutrients or other components described on the label or to the presence of substances (intentionally added) that are not reported, resulting in adulteration issues (Andrade et al, 2019;Marcus, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of adulterants in whey protein food supplements by liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry

Roiffé

Sardela

Lima

et al. 2019

Braz. J. Food Technol.

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Liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry was shown to be an adequate technique to control the adulteration of whey protein food supplements with prohibited substances, not declared on the labels. An extraction method combined with an instrumental analysis that allowed for the determination of 105 substances in whey protein food supplements, was established. The pre-treatment of the samples consisted of protein precipitation and solid-phase extraction using weak cation exchange functionalized polymeric sorbent cartridges. The samples were directly analyzed by LC-Orbitrap-HRMS. The selectivity, limit of detection, repeatability, recovery, carryover and matrix effect were estimated as the validation parameters. The repeatability obtained was 96.19% and the recovery 83.80%, but carryover and the matrix effect were not observed. The present method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercial samples, verifying adulteration by diuretics (conivaptan and politiazide) and a stimulant (benfluorex) in seven of the eleven brands evaluated.

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Dietary supplements: International legal framework and adulteration profiles, and characteristics of products on the Brazilian clandestine market

Cited by 55 publications

References 43 publications

Principles of pharmacological research of nutraceuticals

Principles of pharmacological research of nutraceuticals

Adulteration of proprietary Chinese medicines and health products with undeclared drugs: experience of a tertiary toxicology laboratory in Hong Kong

Determination of adulterants in whey protein food supplements by liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry

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