Dietary Zinc Effects on Growth Performance and Immune Response of Endotoxemic Growing Pigs

Abstract

A 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a completely randomized design to determine the effects of dietary Zn on performance and immune response of acutely endotoxemic growing pigs (n=96, mean BW=24.9 kg). Factors included 1) intramuscular injection of 10 µg/kg BW of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or control and 2) supplemental Zn at 10, 50, or 150 ppm. Diets were fed beginning after weaning (initial body weight=7.6 kg) in the nursery and continued for 16 d into the grower phase. The basal corn-soybean meal grower diet contained 1% lysine and 34.3 ppm Zn. Pigs were acclimated for 12 d in the growerfinishing facility before LPS treatment on d 13. Gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency were unaffected by dietary Zn. Feed intake decreased (p<0.10) and gain/feed was greater (p<0.10) from d 13 to d 16 for pigs injected with LPS. Serum Zn and alkaline phosphatase activity increased (p<0.05) with increasing Zn levels. The febrile response to LPS peaked at 6 h post exposure and pigs were afebrile within 12 h. Rectal temperature was greater (p<0.05) in pigs receiving 50 and 150 ppm Zn than in pigs supplemented with 10 ppm Zn. In vivo cellular immune response, measured on d 13 by skin thickness response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), was greater after 6 h (p< 0.05) in pigs fed 10 ppm Zn and exposed to LPS compared to all other treatments, but was not affected at 12, 24 or 48 h. Zinc did not affect mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation. Zinc supplemented at 50 or 150 ppm resulted in an enhanced febrile response in pigs subjected to iatrogenic endotoxemia, but did not affect pig performance or immune response measurements.

Effects of supplemental zinc amino acid complex on gut integrity in heat-stressed growing pigs

“…Interestingly, pigs receiving ZnAA tended to have a slightly elevated Tr (+0.27°C) compared with ZnC-fed pigs and this agrees with zinc's effects in an endotoxemia model (Roberts et al, 2002). This is surprising, as ZnAA-supplemented pigs had similar FI and BW, which are two key variables associated with basal heat production.…”

Effect of zinc supplementation on serum biochemicals in grower pig

“…A lower serum Zn level (13.190.4 mg/ 100 ml) was recorded in pig, following supplementation of 12 ppm of Zn in diet, whereas, a higher serum Zn level (61.190.1.9 mg/100 ml) was observed, following supplementation of 90 ppm of Zn (Prasad et al 1969). Similarly, Roberts et al (2002) observed higher serum Zn (1.3790.10 ppm), following supplementation of 150 ppm Zn as compared to 0.9890.8 and 1.0890.08 ppm, following supplementation of 10 and 50 ppm Zn in grower pigs, respectively. Serum Zn of 227 mg/dl was reported in gilts following supplementation of 5000 ppm of Zn through diet as compared to 83, 59 and 58 mg/dl, following supplementation of 500, 50 and 0 ppm Zn, respectively (Hill et al 1983).…”

Effects of dietary zinc source on the metabolic and immunological response to lipopolysaccharide in lactating Holstein dairy cows

“…Interestingly, relative to LPS-CON cows, feeding complexed Zn reduced the febrile response to LPS. Both an increased (Roberts et al, 2002;Sanz Fernandez et al, 2014) and decreased (Chirase et al, 1991;Pearce et al, 2015;Abuajamieh et al, 2016) Tr response has been observed with complexed Zn following immunoactivation, and the variability is presumably cytokine driven. Circulating cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α or IL-1β) have pyrogenic properties and are altered by Zn in pigs (Klosterhalfen et al, 1996;Paulk et al, 2014;Mayorga et al, 2018), humans (Bao et al, 2010), chickens (Jarosz et al, 2017a), and cattle (Batistel et al, 2016).…”