Different age and sex relationship for cancer of subsites of the large bowel

Occupational physical activity and risk for cancer of the colon and rectum in Sweden among men and women by anatomic subsite

“…Less physical activity then further enhance the exposure of the colonic mucosa to the fecal content (Lampe, Fredstrom et al 1993). (might be deleted) There are clear evidence of the demographic and geographic differences in the incidence of distal and proximal colon cancer (Jensen 1984;Bonithon-Kopp and Benhamiche 1999;Troisi, Freedman et al 1999;McCashland, Brand et al 2001;Takada, Ohsawa et al 2002;Jubelirer, Wells et al 2003). Differences in molecular level such as bacterial composition and bacterial activity (Macfarlane, Gibson et al 1992), as well as differences in clinic pathologic features (Ward, Meagher et al 2001) such as cell proliferation and apoptotic activity (Anti, Armuzzi et al 2001) between distal and proximal colon have been observed.…”

“…The inverse association is slightly less striking among women (Friedenreich and Orenstein 2002;Vainio, Kaaks et al 2002;Slattery 2004;Samad, Taylor et al 2005). Apart from sufficiently different physiology between men and women that warrants separate analysis (Silvaggio and Mattison 1994), there is evidence that distal and proximal colon cancers have a distinct etiology (Iacopetta 2002), different embryological origin (Glebov, Rodriguez et al 2003), and have different incidence by gender (Jensen 1984;Breivik, Lothe et al 1997;Cheng, Chen et al 2001;McCashland, Brand et al 2001;Takada, Ohsawa et al 2002;Jubelirer, Wells et al 2003). Furthermore, the observed proximal shift in the distribution of cancers of the large bowel both in Western countries (Bonithon-Kopp and Benhamiche 1999) and in Japan (Takada, Ohsawa et al 2002) parallel with the observed even more increasing proximal colon cancer among African Americans (Troisi, Freedman et al 1999) support distinct pathogenic mechanisms in the carcinogenesis of the proximal and distal colon and thus, etiologic distinction by anatomic sub-site within the colon.…”

Proximalisation of Colorectal Carcinoma: A 10-year Study in Italy

“…Some studies have reported proximalisation in African Americans [9], whereas others have found no differences between African Americans and Caucasians [10]. Old age [11] and female gender [12] are associated with proximalisation, especially when concomitant [1,2,9,10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Dietary fibre and colon cancer: where do we go from here?

“…It has been clear for 20 years that the epidemiology of cancer of the proximal colon differs from that of the distal colon and of the rectum (de Jong et al 1972;Jensen 1984). Cancers of the proximal colon have a higher excess of female cases, are more likely to be associated with previous gastric or gallbladder surgery, are more likely to follow the microsatellite-instability (MI) genetic pathway and are less likely to have a demonstrable adenoma precursor.…”