Different applications forms of green tea (Camelliasinensis (L.) Kuntze) for the treatment of periodontitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Background Scaling and root planning (SRP) is the gold standard for non‐surgical periodontal treatment. Green tea as a supporting alternative in non‐surgical periodontal treatment has been suggested as a therapeutic option in the treatment of periodontitis. Objective To analyse the comparative effectiveness of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in its different forms and applications for the treatment of periodontitis. Methods We included randomized clinical trials evaluating green tea as an adjuvant therapeutic agent to scaling and root planning (SRP) in the treatment of periodontitis. For the meta‐analysis, we calculated standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95%CI comparing green tea and control (only SRP). We subgrouped by types of application forms of green tea. The certainty of the evidence was assessed through GRADE. Results Nine studies were included. The follow‐up time of treatments varied from 21 days to 6 months. The subgroup meta‐analysis showed that the green tea as sachet reduced probing bleeding (SMD = −0.71; 95%CI) and the gingival index (SMD = −0.78; 95%CI) compared to SRP with very low certainty of evidence. The sachet (SMD = −0.29; 95%CI) and dentifrice (SMD = −1.31; 95%CI) reduced plaque index with very low certainty compared to the control. All forms of application of green tea showed very low certainty of evidence (SMD = −0.27; 95% CI) in reducing the probing depth, as well as for the loss of clinical insertion (SMD = −0.42; 95% CI) with low certainty of evidence. Conclusion There was not a difference in the effectiveness of green tea isolated or in combination with SRP to reduce probing depth. Green tea adjunct to periodontal therapy showed very low certainty of effectiveness for the treatment of periodontal disease.

Evaluation of GCF IL‐17, IL‐10, TWEAK, and sclerostin levels after scaling and root planing and adjunctive use of diode laser application in patients with periodontitis

“…3 Anatomy of the roots, furcation, and morphology of the periodontal pocket make a negative impact on the elimination of the pathogen biofilm and thus treatment outcomes. 3,4 Although, conventional non-surgical therapies are an effective approach to eliminating the infection, 5,6 it creates a wound in the already inflamed periodontal tissue, and the restoration of this tissue depends largely on favorable cellular and molecular responses. 7,8 Due to these limitations of non-surgical periodontal treatment, new techniques have been investigated to improve the treatment outcome.…”

“…SRP is reported as the basic treatment method and a gold standard for non‐surgical periodontal treatment by removing or reducing subgingival bacterial biofilm and other factors that are known to cause gingival inflammation 3 . Anatomy of the roots, furcation, and morphology of the periodontal pocket make a negative impact on the elimination of the pathogen biofilm and thus treatment outcomes 3,4 . Although, conventional non‐surgical therapies are an effective approach to eliminating the infection, 5,6 it creates a wound in the already inflamed periodontal tissue, and the restoration of this tissue depends largely on favorable cellular and molecular responses 7,8 .…”

Effect of Green Tea on the Level of Salivary Interleukin-1 Beta in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…In this meta-analysis study (included 9 studies), 5 clinical parameters were used to evaluate the effect of green tea. Due to short follow-up periods, the accuracy of these included articles is low and very low according to the GRADE tool and clinical parameters and is not reliable to evaluate the response to treatment and start the healing process; accordingly, it seems that using a molecular assay tool is logical [ 16 ]. In a similar meta-analysis, Mazur et al examined the antiperiodontitis and anticaries effects of green tea.…”

Chemopreventive and Biological Strategies in the Management of Oral Potentially Malignant and Malignant Disorders

“…The main constituent of green tea that expresses many of the anti-carcinogenesis actions is EGCG. EGCG can regulate the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [75,76], the NF-κB and AP-1 factors reducing the tumoral cell's proliferation and migration [63]. In Irimie's study, ECGC has been shown to cause tumor cell death inducing apoptosis and autophagy [77].…”