Different Atrophic Patterns in Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease and Evaluation of Clinical Utility of a Method of Regional z-Score Analysis Using Voxel-Based Morphometry

Shiino, Akihiko; Watanabe, Toshiyuki; Kitagawa, Tadashi; Kotani, Emi; Takahashi, June; Morikawa, Shigehiro; Akiguchi, Ichiro

doi:10.1159/000151241

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In line with earlier studies (Cho et al, 2013)(Shiino et al, 2008, van de Pol et al, 2006, Whitwell et al, 2012), we found a more severe hippocampal and amygdala atrophy in LOAD than EOAD when compared to their controls. Local distribution of amygdala tissue reduction in EOAD mapped to the Ce, Aco and Pco nuclei.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Anatomically, this profile suggests a somewhat more localized disease affecting the medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions (Sa et al, 2012, Smits et al, 2012), (Reid et al, 1996), while the clinical profile of EOAD suggests broader neocortical involvement. These clinical observations are supported by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies (Frisoni et al, 2005), (Frisoni et al, 2007),(Anonymous , Cho et al, 2013, Ishii et al, 2005, Karas et al, 2007, Moller et al, 2013, Shiino et al, 2006, Shiino et al, 2008, van de Pol et al, 2006, van der Vlies et al, 2013) and by recent pathological evidence (Whitwell et al, 2012). These findings support the view that MTL damage is a key neurological substrate in LOAD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…These findings support the view that MTL damage is a key neurological substrate in LOAD. Evidence for this hypothesis comes mainly from studies of the hippocampus (Moller et al, 2013, Shiino et al, 2006, Shiino et al, 2008), and we know less about whether – and to what extent – other MTL structures are involved. Indeed, the MTL system is made up of the hippocampus and amygdala, but the amygdala has never been assessed in both LOAD and EOAD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medial temporal atrophy in early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

Cavedo

Pievani

Boccardi

et al. 2014

Neurobiology of Aging

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Late-onset and early-onset Alzhemer’s disease (LOAD, EOAD) affect different neural systems and may be separate nosographic entities. The most striking differences is in the medial temporal lobe, severely affected in LOAD and relatively spared in EOAD. We assessed amygdalar morphology and volume in 18 LOAD and 18 EOAD patients and 36 aged-matched controls, and explored their relationship with hippocampal volume. 3D amygdalar shape was reconstructed with the Radial Atrophy Mapping technique, hippocampal volume was measured using a manual method. Atrophy was greater in LOAD than EOAD: 25% versus 17% in the amygdala and 20% versus 13% in the hippocampus. In the amygdala, LOAD showed significantly greater tissue loss than EOAD in the right dorsal central, lateral, and basolateral nuclei (20-30% loss, p<0.03), all known to be connected to limbic regions. In LOAD but not EOAD, greater hippocampal atrophy was associated with amygdalar atrophy in the left dorsal central and medial nuclei (r=0.6, p<0.05), also part of the limbic system. These findings support the notion that limbic involvement is a prominent feature of LOAD but not EOAD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medial temporal atrophy in early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

Cavedo

Pievani

Boccardi

et al. 2014

Neurobiology of Aging

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“…However, because the PiB-negative dementia group was apparently free of amyloid deposition, the identification of other factors involved in the interruption of the default mode network is needed. Recent studies have demonstrated that precuneus atrophy is a characteristic of early-onset AD [22,23]. However, this finding was not supported in the present study because the PiBnegative dementia group did not include young patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Clinical Features of Pittsburgh Compound-B-Negative Dementia

Takeuchi

Shimada

Ataka

et al. 2012

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aims: We previously found that some cases of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were rated as Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) negative by amyloid imaging (i.e. cases of PiB-negative dementia). The present study was designed to analyze the clinical features of PiB-negative dementia patients in detail. Methods: Of the 64 cases of clinically diagnosed AD, 14 were rated PiB negative. Eleven of these were further analyzed using CSF biomarker levels and findings from MRI, FDG-PET, ¹²³I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Results: When examined by ¹²³I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy, the heart/mediastinum ratio was significantly higher in the PiB-negative dementia group than in the dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) group. Analyses of CSF biomarkers and MRI and FDG-PET findings suggested argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) in 3 cases, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) in 3 cases, neurofibrillary tangle-predominant dementia (NFTD) in 1 case, and AD in 2 cases. In the VBM data analysis, the PiB-positive AD group showed significant atrophy of both hippocampi compared with the healthy control group, while the PiB-negative dementia group presented with significant atrophy of the left precuneus. Conclusion: PiB-negative dementia is unlikely to include DLB, while it most likely includes diseases of tauopathy, such as FTLD, AGD and NFTD. A better understanding of PiB-negative dementia is expected to further improve the accuracy of the clinical AD diagnosis.

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“…A Z-score relative to the normal database is then usually used to express the degree of atrophy in EC (Hayashi et al, 2012). The process is semiautomated, bias-free, and less time-consuming, and it enables a rapid and extensive survey of brain pathology (Shiino et al, 2008). VSRAD-confirmed temporal lobe atrophy in AD was reported to be more accurate than ROI-based analysis for discriminating mild to moderate AD patients from controls (Ashburner and Friston, 2000;Du et al, 2004;Testa et al, 2004).…”

Section: Voxel-based Specific Regional Analysis System For Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Entorhinal cortex: a good biomarker of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease

Zhou

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2015

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractEntorhinal cortex (EC), thought to be the location of the earliest lesions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has been widely studied in recent years. With the irreversible pathological changes of AD, there is an urgent need to find biomarkers that can be used to predict the presence of the disease before it is clinically expressed. The aim of this review is to summarize and analyze recent findings that are relevant to the important role of EC in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild AD and to describe a range of neuroimaging techniques used to define the EC boundary. A comprehensive literature search for articles published up to May 2015 was performed. Our research highlights the finding that atrophy in EC reflects the early pathological changes of AD and can be a strong predictor of prodromal AD. The early changes in EC are a good imaging biomarker that can be used to discriminate individuals with MCI from normal control subjects. A larger degree of atrophy in EC predicts increased disease severity, and the right EC in patients with mild AD exhibited greater changes than the left side. In addition, the EC seems to have an obvious advantage over the hippocampus as a biomarker when predicting future conversion to AD in individuals with MCI, and it may be of help in following the course of disease progression. In this review, we also summarize the main differences observed between the hippocampus and the EC when differentiating diseases. These findings will hopefully provide an opportunity for the effective prevention and early treatment of AD.

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Different Atrophic Patterns in Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease and Evaluation of Clinical Utility of a Method of Regional z-Score Analysis Using Voxel-Based Morphometry

Cited by 35 publications

References 64 publications

Medial temporal atrophy in early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

Medial temporal atrophy in early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

Clinical Features of Pittsburgh Compound-B-Negative Dementia

Entorhinal cortex: a good biomarker of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease

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