Different water and nitrogen fertilizer rates effects on growth and development of spinach

Zhang, Jinxiu; Liang, Zhang; Jiao, Dongmei; Tian, Xiaolong; Wang, Chuansheng

doi:10.1080/00103624.2018.1492596

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In a water constraint study in spinach, it has been reported that chlorophyll a and b content decreases as drought severity increases (Jabeen et al, 2019). In previous studies, similar results were observed by Akram et al (2016) in radish, Bandian et al (2016) and Yasmeen et al (2013) in wheat, and Zhang et al (2018) in spinach. In terms of carotenoid content, the effects of irrigation levels changed during the harvest periods, and although there were significant differences between the pots in the first three harvests, there was no significant difference between the pots in the final harvest (Figure 3e).…”

Section: Effect Of Deficit Irrigation On Biochemical Parameterssupporting

confidence: 55%

Comparative analysis of the relationship between morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties in spinach (Spinaceaoleracea L.) under deficit irrigation conditions

Seymen¹

2021

Turk J Agric For

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Drought is an abiotic stress factor that negatively affects plant development and causes economic losses in plant production, and its effect is getting more and more every day. Spinach contains a high amount of water and the drought stress affects its development, as well as causing changes in its biochemicals contents. In this study, it is aimed to determine the changes in the morphological, physiological and biochemical contents of spinach grown under deficit irrigation conditions in different stages of developmental. For this purpose, by considering five different irrigation levels (I100, I80, I60, I40, and I20), and 4 harvest times determined according to the development periods of spinach, a total of 20 experiment units were designed with 3 replications in completely randomized experimental design. Growth parameters were negatively affected by severe deficit irrigations such as I20 and I40. While the deficit irrigation caused a decrease in the relative water content (RWC), protein, and chlorophylls a and b, its increased membrane damage and carotenoid content. Besides, deficit irrigations have shown significant increases in proline, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. When different irrigation levels and different harvest periods were evaluated together, water use efficiency (WUE) values ranged between 2.31 and 5.02 g / l, and the highest WUE value was obtained at the I40 irrigation level and Harvest-2 III. As a result of the Principal Component Analysis conducted to evaluate all the data obtained from the trial subjects together, the most important parameters explaining the effect of harvest time and deficit irrigation together were underground fresh weight, number of leaves, hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase. Consequently, considering the growth parameters, the I100 irrigation level without deficit irrigation and the I80 irrigation level with mild water stress were resulted in considerable outputs, especially in the Harvest III and IV.

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Section: Effect Of Deficit Irrigation On Biochemical Parameterssupporting

confidence: 55%

Comparative analysis of the relationship between morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties in spinach (Spinaceaoleracea L.) under deficit irrigation conditions

Seymen¹

2021

Turk J Agric For

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“…Biomass accumulation and crop growth are related to crop N accumulation [37]. In spinach, shoot biomass decreased in response to deficit irrigation [38], and it was higher in the plants grown in coir, mainly in coir chips. − and the EC in the nutrient solution, decreased significantly (Figure 1) due to the decrease in nitrate applied to the nutrient solution (264 mg NO 3 − L −1 ) and due to high nutrient uptake by spinach plants.…”

Section: Plant Growth and Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leaf Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coir, an Alternative to Peat—Effects on Plant Growth, Phytochemical Accumulation, and Antioxidant Power of Spinach

et al. 2021

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The effects of four commercial substrates, a peat-based substrate, and three coir types (coir pith, coir chips, and coir pith + fibers) on yield, phytochemical accumulation, and antioxidant activity were evaluated in Spinacia oleracea L. cv. ‘Manatee’. Soil-blocked spinach seedlings were transplanted into Styrofoam planting boxes filled with the substrate. Each planting box was irrigated daily by drip with a complete nutrient solution, and the irrigation scheduling was optimized to the peat. Leaf area and fresh yield in coir pith and coir pith + fiber were similar to those obtained in peat. However, shoot dry weight accumulation and leaf chlorophyll were lower in plants grown in coir. Substrate type did not affect leaf carotenoids. Total flavonoid content was higher in plants grown in the different types of coir. Total phenols and antioxidant activity (DPPH) were higher in plants grown in coir pith. This indicates that the different coir types, mainly coir pith, may provide an alternative to peat since they allowed a high fresh yield to be reached and the total flavonoids to be increased. In contrast, the levels of other phytochemicals and antioxidant activity were usual for spinach. However, further research is necessary to analyze the effects of irrigation scheduling and the nutrient solution adjusted to each growing medium on yield and phytochemical accumulation.

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“…Under the mixture compound fertilizer and SAP application, the aboveground biomass was significantly higher than the belowground biomass (Table 2). Previous studies have shown that under the same water and fertilizer conditions, SAP application increased the soil water conservation capacity, improved the aboveground plant indices, and reduced the root biomass (Yang et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2018). Plants themselves produce structural effects; that is, different tissues exhibit unique functions, growth, and life cycle strategies, resulting in differential nutrient absorption in plant tissues (Deng et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is limited literature on the fertilization of P. massoniana. Moreover, previous studies have shown that fertilization could evidently promote the growth and nutrient uptake efficiency of P. massoniana as well as the physicochemical properties of the soil (Zheng et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2018;Jiang et al, 2019). For instance, soil and foliar nitrogen (N) application promoted the growth of P. massoniana to varying degrees (Huang et al, 2019), while the supplementation of moderate-to-high N significantly increased soil and foliar N content (Huang et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture Compound Fertilizer and Super Absorbent Polymer Application Significantly Promoted Growth and Increased Nutrient Levels in Pinus massoniana Seedlings and Soil in Seriously Eroded Degradation Region of Southern China

et al. 2021

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Pinus massoniana is the pioneer tree species in the red soil regions of southern China, however, the serious understory soil erosion and nutrient deficiency in that region are the main factors restricting the growth of P. massoniana. This field study examined the effects of compound fertilizer and super absorbent polymer (SAP) on the physiology, growth characteristics, biomass, soil nutrient, plant nutrient content, and nutrient uptake efficiency of 1-year-old P. massoniana seedlings for 2 years at Changting, Fujian in South China. One control (no fertilizer, CK) and fertilization treatments were established, namely, single compound fertilizer application (0.94, 1.89, and 3.56 g⋅plant–1) and mixture compound fertilizer and SAP application (0.94 + 1.01, 1.89 + 1.01, and 3.56 + 1.01 g⋅plant–1). Fertilization significantly improved the physiological performance, root collar diameter growth, height growth, biomass, and nutrient uptake of the seedlings. Compared with other fertilization treatments, the mixture compound fertilizer and SAP application significantly improved the seedling photosynthesis, which meant that the SAP had a significant effect on promoting photosynthesis. Under the mixture compound fertilizer and SAP application, the whole biomass of the seedlings was higher than that of all other treatments. Fertilization significantly increased the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content in the soils, leaves, stems, and roots of the seedlings, respectively. The P content was the main factor affecting growth characteristics and contributed to 58.03% of the total variation in seedling growth characteristics (P < 0.01). The N:P ratio of CK in the soils, leaves, and stems were higher than that of all the fertilization treatments, indicating that the severely eroded and degraded region had little P and required much of P. The principal component analysis indicated that the F2S (1.89 + 1.01 g) was the optimum fertilization amount and method in this experiment. These results provide a theoretical basis for the fertilization management of P. massoniana forests with severely eroded and degraded red soil regions.

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Different water and nitrogen fertilizer rates effects on growth and development of spinach

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Comparative analysis of the relationship between morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties in spinach (Spinaceaoleracea L.) under deficit irrigation conditions

Comparative analysis of the relationship between morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties in spinach (Spinaceaoleracea L.) under deficit irrigation conditions

Coir, an Alternative to Peat—Effects on Plant Growth, Phytochemical Accumulation, and Antioxidant Power of Spinach

Mixture Compound Fertilizer and Super Absorbent Polymer Application Significantly Promoted Growth and Increased Nutrient Levels in Pinus massoniana Seedlings and Soil in Seriously Eroded Degradation Region of Southern China

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