Differential effects of lead and zinc on inhibitory avoidance learning in mice

Oliveira, Fabíola Singaretti; Viana, Marina Ribeiro; Antoniolli, Ângelo Roberto; Marchioro, Murilo

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2001000100014

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Oloveira's study concluded that 1% w/v zinc acetate in drinking water for 60 days caused learning impairment in mice 24. The result of the MWM test confirms the inability of the rats in the 464 and 1000 mg per kg bwt groups to swim in the correct quadrant, this may be due to the decrease in cognitive function and memory loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The systemic toxicity of heavy metal mixtures in rats

Kenston

Zhou

et al. 2018

Toxicol. Res.

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To explore the health effects of multi-heavy metal exposure, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were orally given one dose of heavy metal mixtures (HMMs). The eight most common detectable heavy metals in Ningbo area are zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). In this study, mixtures of these eight heavy metals were prepared using the compounds zinc sulfate heptahydrate, cupric sulfate, manganese dichloride, potassium dichromate, nickel dichloride, cadmium dichloride, lead acetate, and methyl mercury chloride with ion mass proportions of 1070.0, 312.6, 173.1, 82.6, 30.0, 13.3, 6.6, and 1.0, respectively. The rats were randomly divided into four groups. Beside the control group, each rat received a corresponding dose of HMMs 215, 464 or 1000 mg per kg body weight (bwt), respectively. The rats were observed for 4 weeks. During the last week of observation, the Morris water maze test was used to investigate spatial learning and memory in the treated rats. The rats were exsanguinated under complete chloral hydrate anesthesia and organ coefficients were measured. Biochemical tests of blood and serum samples were carried out. The results showed abnormalities in the hematological system, decreased renal function, hepatic injury and disturbances in the electrolyte balance of the rats treated with a high dose of HMMs. Death of some rats was also observed. This paper analyzed how a one-time high dose oral administration of HMMs induced systemic toxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The systemic toxicity of heavy metal mixtures in rats

Kenston

Zhou

et al. 2018

Toxicol. Res.

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“…This confirms severe spatial memory impairment in lead compartment than the control group and also they spent less time in the bright compartment indicating lead induced memory impairment. De Oliveira et al [26] found that rats exposed to low level of lead from the gestation day 11 till the postnatal day 28 had significantly reduced latency values in the step-through inhibitory avoidance memory task. In a study conducted by Moreira et al [27], rat pups exposed to lead acetate during PG, G, L and GL group of rats spent less time, and traveled a short distance in the target quadrant during the water maze test indicating spatial memory impairment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of passive avoidance learning and spatial memory in rats exposed to low levels of lead during specific periods of early brain development

Barkur¹,

Bairy²

2015

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Objectives: Widespread use of heavy metal lead (Pb) for various commercial purposes has resulted in the environmental contamination caused by this metal. The studies have shown a definite relationship between low level lead exposure during early brain development and deficit in children's cognitive functions. This study investigated the passive avoidance learning and spatial learning in male rat pups exposed to lead through their mothers during specific periods of early brain development. Material and Methods: Experimental male rats were divided into 5 groups: i) the normal control group (NC) (N = 12) consisted of rat offspring born to mothers who were given normal drinking water throughout gestation and lactation, ii) the pre-gestation lead exposed group (PG) (N = 12) consisted of rat offspring, mothers of these rats had been exposed to 0.2% lead acetate in the drinking water for 1 month before conception, iii) the gestation lead exposed group (G) (N = 12) contained rat offspring born to mothers who had been exposed to 0.2% lead acetate in the drinking water throughout gestation, iv) the lactation lead exposed group (L) (N = 12) had rat offspring, mothers of these rats exposed to 0.2% lead acetate in the drinking water throughout lactation and v) the gestation and lactation lead exposed group (GL) (N = 12) contained rat offspring, mothers of these rats were exposed to 0.2% lead acetate throughout gestation and lactation. Results: The study found deficit in passive avoidance learning in the G, L and GL groups of rats. Impairment in spatial learning was found in the PG, G, L and GL groups of rats. Interestingly, the study found that gestation period only and lactation period only lead exposure was sufficient to cause deficit in learning and memory in rats. The extent of memory impairment in the L group of rats was comparable with the GL group of rats. Conclusions: So it can be said that postnatal period of brain development is more sensitive to neurotoxicity compared to prenatal exposure.

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“…Excess dietary zinc leads to copper deficiency which can produce impairments in cognition. Chronic postnatal intoxication with zinc did not interfere with the exploratory behaviour and did not alter memory retention in an inhibitory avoidance model in mice [24]. Moreover, rats supplemented pre- and postnatally with zinc carbonate demonstrated a lack of extinction to the tone in cued fear conditioning [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Zinc Supplementation Improves Spatial Memory in Rat Pups

Piechal

Blecharz-Klin

Pyrzanowska

et al. 2012

Biol Trace Elem Res

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A large body of evidence supports an opinion that adequate dietary zinc is essential for prenatal and postnatal brain development. Behavioural effects of maternal supplementation with ZnSO 4 were analysed in rat pups with the Morris water task performance, a hole board and a T-maze. Wistar females during pregnancy and lactation received a drinking water solution of ZnSO 4 at doses of 16 mg/kg (group Zn16) or 32 mg/kg (group Zn32). Behavioural tests were conducted on the 4-week-old male rat pups. Zinc concentration in the serum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of offsprings was determined by means of atomic absorption techniques. The Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test revealed an increase of climbing in the Zn16 group in comparison to the control group (Con) and the Zn32 group during the hole board test. ANOVA for repeated measures showed a significant memory improvement in both supplemented groups compared to the control in the probe trial on day 5 of the water maze test. ZnSO 4 treatment significantly elevated zinc levels in the rat serum. Follow-up data on brain content of zinc in the hippocampus revealed significant differences between the groups and in supplemented groups correlated with crossings above the original platform position. These findings suggest that pre-and postnatal zinc supplementation may improve cognitive development in rats.

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Differential effects of lead and zinc on inhibitory avoidance learning in mice

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

The systemic toxicity of heavy metal mixtures in rats

The systemic toxicity of heavy metal mixtures in rats

Evaluation of passive avoidance learning and spatial memory in rats exposed to low levels of lead during specific periods of early brain development

Maternal Zinc Supplementation Improves Spatial Memory in Rat Pups

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