Differential expression and distribution of syndecan‐1 and ‐2 in periodontal wound healing of the rat

Abstract

Cell-surface proteoglycans participate in several biological functions including interactions with adhesion molecules, growth factors and a variety of other effector molecules. Accordingly, these molecules play a central role in various aspects of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. To investigate the expression and distribution of the cell surface proteoglycans, syndecan-1 and -2, during periodontal wound healing, immunohistochemical analyses were carried out using monoclonal antibodies against syndecan-1, or -2 core proteins. Both syndecan-1 and -2 were expressed and distributed differentially at various stages of early inflammatory cell infiltration, granulation tissue formation, and tissue remodeling in periodontal wound healing. Expression of syndecan-1 was noted in inflammatory cells within and around the fibrin clots during the earliest stages of inflammatory cells infiltration. During granulation tissue formation it was noted in fibroblast-like cells and newly formed blood vessels. Syndecan-1 was not seen in newly formed bone or cementum matrix at any of the time periods studied. Syndecan-1 expression was generally less during the late stages of wound healing but was markedly expressed in cells that were close to the repairing junctional epithelium. In contrast, syndecan-2 expression and distribution was not evident at the early stages of inflammatory cell infiltration. During the formation of granulation tissue and subsequent tissue remodeling, syndecan-2 was expressed extracellularly in the newly formed fibrils which were oriented toward the root surface. Syndecan-2 was found to be significantly expressed on cells that were close to the root surface and within the matrix of repaired cementum covering root dentin as well as at the alveolar bone edge. These findings indicate that syndecan-1 and -2 may have distinctive functions during wound healing of the periodontium. The appearance of syndecan-1 may involve both cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, while syndecan-2 showed a predilection to associate with cell-matrix interactions during hard tissue formation.

Temporal expression of proteoglycans in the rat limb during bone healing

“…As such, they contribute to ECM organization and stability and help to regulate GFs that control normal cell functions (Selleck, 2000) as well as those that are important during wound healing (Echtermeyer et al, 2001;Stepp et al, 2002). Syndecan-1 is expressed in inflammatory cells during the earliest stages of infiltration and granular tissue formation, and in newly formed blood vessels during wound healing (Worapamorn et al, 2002). Syndecan-1 is also known to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and stimulate osteoblastogenesis (Dhodapkar et al, 1998), depending on its GAG status, making it an important regulator of bone healing.…”

Syndecan-1 couples the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor to inside-out integrin activation

“…Sdc1 is prominently expressed on epithelial cells; its expression is altered in many cancers and is upregulated on activated endothelial cells (Elenius et al, 1991;Gallo et al, 1996;Kainulainen et al, 1996;Worapamorn et al, 2002). Similarly to other syndecan family members, it engages the extracellular matrix (ECM) via its heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan chains that bind the 'heparinbinding' domains found in most ECM ligands, including vitronectin (VN) and fibronectin (FN), laminin, the fibrillar collagens and matricellular proteins (Alexopoulou et al, 2007;Bernfield et al, 1999;Woods, 2001).…”

Serum level of circulating syndecan‐1: A possible association with proliferative vasculopathy in systemic sclerosis

“…4 As for wound healing, syndecan-1 is highly expressed in the vasculature of newly formed connective tissue of rat periodontal wound healing and primarily on endothelium of human neonatal skin after incisional injury. 5,6 Thus, syndecan-1 is inducible in the activated endothelial cells during wound healing, while its expression is marginal in endothelial cells under homeostatic condition. Given that SSc endothelial cells persistently show molecular changes characteristic of pro-angiogenic property, 15 SSc endothelial cells may be a potential source of syndecan-1.…”

“…Experimental data on animal models and human samples suggest that both membrane-bound and soluble forms of syndecan-1 play roles in wound healing, inflammation and vascular biology. [4][5][6][7] Reflecting its various roles, soluble syndecan-1 levels positively correlate with disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus and Crohn's disease. 8,9 Based on these backgrounds, to investigate the potential role of syndecan-1 in SSc we evaluated the clinical correlation of serum syndecan-1 levels in this disease.…”