Differential expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) genes implies distinct roles in development of graft incompatibility symptoms in Prunus.

Irisarri, Patricia; Zhebentyayeva, Tetyana; Errea, P.; Pina, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2016.03.025

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Recently, several studies have shown that molecular changes may be involved in varied pattern of performance in compatible/incompatible combinations [10, 18–20]. Changes in transcriptomic profiles have been found between compatible and incompatible graft combinations in different species (Litchi, apricot, Citrus , melon) [12, 20, 21]. In these studies, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to stress response, auxin and signal transduction at early stage of grafting might determine graft compatibility or incompatibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of self- and graft-incompatibility traits in an F1 apricot progeny

et al. 2019

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Floral self-incompatibility affecting yearly yield in a weather-dependent manner and graft incompatibility affecting longevity of mature trees are two important traits for apricot production. However, genetic control of graft compatibility and relationship between these traits are unknown. Here, we analyzed its inheritance in an F 1 apricot progeny from a cross between self- and graft- incompatible and self- and graft-compatible cultivars. Hybrid individuals were genotyped for establishing self-incompatibility status and grafted on the plum rootstock ‘Marianna 2624’. Phenotyping of graft incompatibility was done at two time points, one month and one year after grafting. Anatomical (necrotic layer, bark and wood discontinuity for two consecutive years) and cytomorphological (cell proliferation, cell arrangement and cell shape one month after grafting) characteristics related to graft compatibility displayed continuous variation within the progeny, suggesting a polygenic inheritance. Using the Pearson correlation test, strong and significant correlations were detected between anatomical and cytomorphological traits that may reduce the number of characters for screening genotypes or progenies for graft compatibility in segregating crosses. Furthermore, no correlation existed between self- and graft incompatibility traits suggesting that they are independent inheritance traits. Hence, screening an extended hybrid population is required for pyramiding these traits in breeding programs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of self- and graft-incompatibility traits in an F1 apricot progeny

et al. 2019

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“…Meanwhile, phenylpropanoid pathway is another most important secondary metabolism pathways and defense responses in higher plants [15,16]. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the rst enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, participating in the formation of a series of structural and defensive lignin and phenolic compounds [17][18][19][20]. Furthermore, PAL gene has been widely studied in participating in plant growth, development and defense systems [21][22][23], such as the upregulated expression of PAL gene in plants that can help plant to develop resistance to phytopathogens infection [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of different cultivars of Cucurbita pepo in resistance to Podosphaera xanthii infection through improvement of antioxidative defense system and gene expression

Zhang¹,

Xu²,

Liu³

2020

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Background: Powdery mildew is one of the world’s most destructive diseases of cucurbit and the major cause of losses in its production worldwide. A number of strategies have been developed and applied to discover some suitable and alternative safe methods to manage the powdery mildew disease occurrence, but little information is regarding to screen of resistant pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo L.) germplasm and explore the mechanisms of their preventing the disease occurrence at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Therefore, we evaluated and determined the ability and mechanisms of two commercial pumpkin cultivars in resistance to Podosphaera xanthii infection. Results: Compared with mock-inoculated seedlings, small and sparse spots were observed on the cultivar of Sixing F1 leaves at the 13th day after inoculation with P. xanthii, whereas a large number of disease spots or a layer of white powdery mildew were observed on the surface of Jin12 F1 leaves. Increased the inoculation time (7, 9, 11 and 13 days) significantly and continuously increased the disease incidence and index of pumpkin seedlings after inoculation. The disease incidence and index of Jin12 F1 were significantly higher than the cultivar of Sixing F1. At Day 13, the disease incidence and index of Jin12 F1 were 80.0% and 72.6, whereas the cultivar of Sixing F1 was 22.3% and 17.7, respectively. The contents of H2O2, MDA, lignin and total phenolics in the leaves of Sixing F1 and Jin12 F1 were markedly accelerated after inoculation with P. xanthii. However, the cultivar of Sixing F1 exhibited less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, a lower rate of lipid peroxidation and higher level of lignin and total phenolics contents after inoculation, whereas the cultivar of Jin12 F1 exhibited higher level of ROS accumulation and rates of lipid peroxidation, and lower level of lignin and total phenolics contents. Higher activity and transcript level of antioxidant enzymes and gene of PAL expression were observed on different tissues of both cultivars after inoculated with P. xanthii. Compared with pumpkin seedlings that were inoculated with sterile water but not P. xanthii, the level of PAL activity and gene expression in leaves, petioles and stems of Sixing F1 and Jin12 F1 were upregulated and increased significantly at different time points after inoculation. The enhancement expression of PAL activity and gene in different tissues of Sixing F1 was significantly higher than Jin12 F1, and higher in leaves, lower in petioles and stems. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the cultivar of Sixing F1 exhibited the highest ability in resistance to P. xanthii infection in comparison to Jin12 F1, and one novel possible mechanism is related to the cultivars in resistance to P. xanthii infection by activating and enhancing the antioxidative defense system and gene expression to prevent the pathogens infection.

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“…Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.24) is the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway and catalyzes the conversion of L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid by nonoxidative deamination [1–3]. Furthermore, PAL is the first key enzyme in the phenylpropanol pathway, participating in the formation of a series of structural and defensive phenolic compounds, such as lignin, phenolic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid, flavonoids and stilbene in plants [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression patterns of two pal genes of Pleurotus ostreatus across developmental stages and under heat stress

Hou

Wang

et al. 2019

BMC Microbiol

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BackgroundPhenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.24) is the first key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway. The pal gene has been widely studied in plants and participates in plant growth, development and defense systems. However, in Pleurotus ostreatus, the biological functions of pal during organismal development and exposure to abiotic stress have not been reported.ResultsIn this study, we cloned and characterized the pal1 (2232 bp) and pal2 (2244 bp) genes from the basidiomycete P. ostreatus CCMSSC 00389. The pal1 and pal2 genes are interrupted by 6 and 10 introns, respectively, and encode proteins of 743 and 747 amino acids, respectively. Furthermore, prokaryotic expression experiments showed that PAL enzymes catalyzed the conversion of L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. The function of pal1 and pal2 was determined by constructing overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi) strains. The results showed that the two pal genes had similar expression patterns during different developmental stages. The expression of pal genes was higher in the reproductive growth stage than in the vegetative growth stage. And the interference of pal1 and pal2 delayed the formation of primordia. The results of heat stress assays showed that the RNAi-pal1 strains had enhanced mycelial tolerance to high temperature, while the RNAi-pal2 strains had enhanced mycelial resistance to H2O2.ConclusionsThese results indicate that two pal genes may play a similar role in the development of P. ostreatus fruiting bodies, but may alleviate stress through different regulatory pathways under heat stress.

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Differential expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) genes implies distinct roles in development of graft incompatibility symptoms in Prunus.

Cited by 46 publications

References 42 publications

Inheritance of self- and graft-incompatibility traits in an F1 apricot progeny

Inheritance of self- and graft-incompatibility traits in an F1 apricot progeny

Mechanisms of different cultivars of Cucurbita pepo in resistance to Podosphaera xanthii infection through improvement of antioxidative defense system and gene expression

Expression patterns of two pal genes of Pleurotus ostreatus across developmental stages and under heat stress

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