Differential gene transcript accumulation in barley leaf epidermis and mesophyll in response to attack byBlumeria graminisf.sp.hordei(syn.Erysiphe graminisf.sp.hordei)

Gregersen, Per L.; Thordal‐Christensen, Hans; Förster, Hella; Collinge, David B.

doi:10.1006/pmpp.1997.0108

Cited by 95 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our observed interaction-independent transcript accumulation is consistent with the fact that only infected cells are in direct contact with the spores and therefore are capable of perception of the pathogen-associated molecules. In addition, based on the evidence obtained from gene expression analysis using RNA isolated from epidermal cells, mesophyll cells, and whole leaf tissue (Gregersen et al, 1997), suppression of defense-related transcripts has been suggested to occur only in physical proximity to haustoria (Schulze-Lefert and . Hence, although there are reports of the possible systemic spread of defense from infected cells in barley-Bgh interactions (Gregersen et al, 1997;Kunoh, 2002), the relationship between localized perception of signals from the pathogen and the subsequent systemic perception of signals from the attacked host cells remains unclear.…”

Section: Modulation Of Mla-mediated Response Network Is Dependent Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction-Dependent Gene Expression inMla-Specified Response to Barley Powdery Mildew[W]

2004

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Plant recognition of pathogen-derived molecules influences attack and counterattack strategies that affect the outcome of host-microbe interactions. To ascertain the global framework of host gene expression during biotrophic pathogen invasion, we analyzed in parallel the mRNA abundance of 22,792 host genes throughout 36 (genotype 3 pathogen 3 time) interactions between barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei (Bgh), the causal agent of powdery mildew disease. A split-split-plot design was used to investigate near-isogenic barley lines with introgressed Mla6, Mla13, and Mla1 coiledcoil, nucleotide binding site, Leu-rich repeat resistance alleles challenged with Bgh isolates 5874 (AvrMla6 and AvrMla1) and K1 (AvrMla13 and AvrMla1). A linear mixed model analysis was employed to identify genes with significant differential expression (P value < 0.0001) in incompatible and compatible barley-Bgh interactions across six time points after pathogen challenge. Twenty-two host genes, of which five were of unknown function, exhibited highly similar patterns of upregulation among all incompatible and compatible interactions up to 16 h after inoculation (hai), coinciding with germination of Bgh conidiospores and formation of appressoria. By contrast, significant divergent expression was observed from 16 to 32 hai, during membrane-to-membrane contact between fungal haustoria and host epidermal cells, with notable suppression of most transcripts identified as differentially expressed in compatible interactions. These findings provide a link between the recognition of general and specific pathogen-associated molecules in gene-for-gene specified resistance and support the hypothesis that host-specific resistance evolved from the recognition and prevention of the pathogen's suppression of plant basal defense.

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Section: Modulation Of Mla-mediated Response Network Is Dependent Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction-Dependent Gene Expression inMla-Specified Response to Barley Powdery Mildew[W]

2004

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“…The whole-leaf sampling strategy used in the cDNA-AFLP analysis of the present study may account for the difficulty to get a theoretical ''absent'' or ''present'' expression profiling between compatible and incompatible interaction of tomato and O. neolycopersici. In barley, B. graminis attack induces indistinguishable expression profiles in both resistant and susceptible whole-leaf samples (Gregersen et al 1997), while epidermal cells of leaves from susceptible and resistant genotypes show a mosaic of responses with respect to forming effective papillae or allowing pathogen penetration (Gjetting et al 2004). Similarly, microscopic observations on the interaction between tomato and O. neolycopersici indicated that both S-MM and R-Ol-1 leaves display a mosaic of attacked epidermal cells that display a compatible and incompatible interaction with the fungus.…”

Section: Most Detected Transcriptional Responses Occur Late In the Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato defense to the powdery mildew fungus: differences in expression of genes in susceptible, monogenic- and polygenic resistance responses are mainly in timing

Bai²,

Jacobsen³

et al. 2006

Plant Mol Biol

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Oidium neolycopersici is a causal agent of tomato powdery mildew. In this paper, gene expression profiles were investigated of susceptible, monogenicand polygenic resistant tomato genotypes in response to O. neolycopersici infection by using cDNA-AFLP. Around 30,000 TDFs (Transcript Derived Fragments), representing~22% of the transcriptome based on in silico estimation, were identified and 887 TDFs were differentially expressed (DE-TDFs) upon inoculation with O. neolycopersici spores. Forty-two percent of the identified DE-TDFs were detected in both the compatible and incompatible interactions, a subset of these were studied for their temporal patterns. All of these common induced DE-TDFs displayed an expression peak at 7 days post incoluation in monogenic resistant response but sustained up-regulation in the susceptible and the polygenic resistant response. While more than half of these common DE-TDFs showed earlier timing in incompatible interactions compared to compatible interaction. Only 2% of the identified DE-TDFs were specific to either the monogenic or the polygenic resistant response. By annotation of the 230 sequenced DE-TDFs we found that 34% of the corresponding transcripts were known to be involved in plant defense, whereas the other transcripts played general roles in signal transduction (11%), regulation (24%), protein synthesis and degradation (11%), energy metabolism (12%) including photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration.

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“…It has been suggested that a biotrophic fungus may release effectors into the extrahaustorial matrix or inside the host cell. Some of these effectors can act as suppressors of basal defense, although the identity of these suppressors is not clear (Gregersen et al, 1997;Panstruga, 2003;Schulze-Lefert and Panstruga, 2003;Chrisholm et al, 2006). Thus, host susceptibility to a biotrophic fungus is in part a consequence of the pathogen's ability to circumvent the plant's basal defense responses (Panstruga, 2003;Schulze-Lefert and Panstruga, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Powdery Mildew Induces Defense-Oriented Reprogramming of the Transcriptome in a Susceptible But Not in a Resistant Grapevine

et al. 2007

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Grapevines exhibit a wide spectrum of resistance to the powdery mildew fungus (PM), Erysiphe necator (Schw.) Burr., but little is known about the transcriptional basis of the defense to PM. Our microscopic observations showed that PM produced less hyphal growth and induced more brown-colored epidermal cells on leaves of PM-resistant Vitis aestivalis 'Norton' than on leaves of PM-susceptible Vitis vinifera 'Cabernet sauvignon'. We found that endogenous salicylic acid levels were higher in V. aestivalis than in V. vinifera in the absence of the fungus and that salicylic acid levels increased in V. vinifera at 120 h postinoculation with PM. To test the hypothesis that gene expression differences would be apparent when V. aestivalis and V. vinifera were mounting a response to PM, we conducted a comprehensive Vitis GeneChip analysis. We examined the transcriptome at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h postinoculation with PM. We found only three PM-responsive transcripts in V. aestivalis and 625 in V. vinifera. There was a significant increase in the abundance of transcripts encoding ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, WRKY, PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1, PATHOGENESIS-RELATED10, and stilbene synthase in PM-infected V. vinifera, suggesting an induction of the basal defense response. The overall changes in the PM-responsive V. vinifera transcriptome also indicated a possible reprogramming of metabolism toward the increased synthesis of the secondary metabolites. These results suggested that resistance to PM in V. aestivalis was not associated with overall reprogramming of the transcriptome. However, PM induced defense-oriented transcriptional changes in V. vinifera.

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Differential gene transcript accumulation in barley leaf epidermis and mesophyll in response to attack byBlumeria graminisf.sp.hordei(syn.Erysiphe graminisf.sp.hordei)

Cited by 95 publications

References 22 publications

Interaction-Dependent Gene Expression inMla-Specified Response to Barley Powdery Mildew[W]

Interaction-Dependent Gene Expression inMla-Specified Response to Barley Powdery Mildew[W]

Tomato defense to the powdery mildew fungus: differences in expression of genes in susceptible, monogenic- and polygenic resistance responses are mainly in timing

Powdery Mildew Induces Defense-Oriented Reprogramming of the Transcriptome in a Susceptible But Not in a Resistant Grapevine

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