Differential mRNA stability of the <i>cspA</i> gene in the cold‐shock response of <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Goldenberg, Daniel; Azar, Idit; Oppenheim, Amos B.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.363898.x

Cited by 168 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This result suggested that cspA expression is regulated not only at the level of transcription, but also at the level of mRNA stability. Recent studies have also shown that the stability of the cspA mRNA plays an important role in the cold-shock activation of cspA (Brandi et al, 1996;Goldenberg et al, 1996. ) On the basis of these facts, it was speculated that the constitutive cspA expression at 37ЊC due to the threebase substitution mutation might be caused by stabilization of the cspA mRNA.…”

Section: Constitutive Expression Of Cspa At 37 њCmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the stability of the cspA mRNA has been found to be significantly stabilized at low temperatures (Brandi et al, 1996;Goldenberg et al, 1996). Although it is not known whether the mRNA stabilization is specific to the cspA mRNA or is an effect that is general to all cellular mRNA, it has been suggested that the cspA gene is regulated mainly at the level of mRNA stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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**Promoter‐independent cold‐shock induction of cspA and its derepression at 37°C by mRNA stabilization**

Jiang

Bae

et al. 1997

Molecular Microbiology

164

176

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SummaryThe gene for CspA, the major cold-shock protein of Escherichia coli is known to be dramatically induced upon temperature downshift. Here, we report that three-base substitutions around the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the 159-base 5Ј-untranslated region of the cspA mRNA stabilizes the mRNA 150-fold, resulting in constitutive expression of cspA at 37ЊC. This stabilization was found to be at least partially due to resistance against RNase E degradation. The coldshock induction of cspA was also achieved by exchanging its promoter with the non-cold-shock lpp promoter. The results presented indicate that the cspA gene is efficiently transcribed even at 37ЊC. However, the translation of the cspA mRNA is blocked because of its extreme instability at 37ЊC. The presented results also demonstrate that the cspA gene is constitutively transcribed at all temperatures; however, its expression at 37ЊC is prevented by destabilizing its mRNA.

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Section: Constitutive Expression Of Cspa At 37 њCmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

**Promoter‐independent cold‐shock induction of cspA and its derepression at 37°C by mRNA stabilization**

Jiang

Bae

et al. 1997

Molecular Microbiology

164

176

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“…Transient cold shock induction of CspA has been shown to be achieved at the level of transcription (Jiang et al, 1993) and, more importantly, at the level of mRNA stabilization (Brandi et al, 1996;Goldenberg et al, 1996). In addition, a recent report suggests that CIPs can be translated under conditions in which general protein synthesis is blocked as a result of transient malfunction of ribosomes , indicating that mRNA of CIPs (including CSPs) may be more translatable after cold shock relative to mRNA coding for other proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A family of cold shock proteins in Bacillus subtilis is essential for cellular growth and for efficient protein synthesis at optimal and low temperatures

Graumann

Wendrich

Weber

et al. 1997

Molecular Microbiology

234

266

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SummaryLike other bacteria, Bacillus subtilis possesses a family of homologous small acidic proteins (CspB, CspC and CspD, identity > 70%) that are strongly induced in response to cold shock. We show that deletion of cspC or cspD genes did not result in a detectable phenotype; in contrast, csp double mutants exhibited severe reduction in cellular growth at 15ЊC as well as at 37ЊC, including impairment of survival during the stationary phase. Two-dimensional gel analysis showed that protein synthesis was deregulated in csp double mutants and that the loss of one or two CSPs led to an increase in the synthesis of the remaining CSP(s) at 37ЊC and after cold shock, suggesting that CSPs down-regulate production of members from this protein family. A cspB/C/D triple mutant (64BCDbt) could only be generated in the presence of cspB in trans on a plasmid that was not lost, in spite of lack of antibiotic pressure, indicating that a minimum of one csp gene is essential for viability of B. subtilis. After cold shock, synthesis of CspB in 64BCDbt was drastically lower than in wild-type cells accompanied by cessation in growth and strong reduction in general protein synthesis. As CspB, CspC and CspD are shown to bind to RNA in a co-operative and interactive manner, CSPs are suggested to function as RNA chaperones facilitating the initiation of translation under optimal and low temperatures.

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“…An AT-rich upstream-element immediately upstream of the Ϫ35 region has been implicated to contribute to the strength of the cspA promoter (9). It has also been reported that the cspA promoter is modestly activated after cold shock (10,11). At the posttranscriptional level, cspA mRNA is extremely unstable at 37°C and is stabilized by Ͼ100-fold by a temperature downshift to 15°C (8,10).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Cold Box Stem-loop Proximal to the 5′-End of theEscherichia coli cspA Gene Stabilizes Its mRNA at Low Temperature

Xia¹,

Ke²,

Jiang³

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The 5-end region of cspA mRNA contains a Cold Box sequence conserved among several cold-shock mRNAs. This region forms a stable stem-loop structure followed by an AU-rich sequence. Here we show that the Cold Box region is essential for the normal scale of cspA mRNA induction after cold shock because a deletion of the stem-loop significantly destabilizes the mRNA and reduces the cold shock-induced cspA mRNA amount by ϳ50%. The AU-rich track, however, slightly destabilizes the mRNA. The integrity of the stem is essential for the stabilizing function, whereas that of the loop sequence is less important. Overexpression of a mutant cspA mRNA devoid of both the AUG initiation codon and the coding sequence results in a severe growth inhibition at low temperature along with a derepression of the chromosomal cspA expression. Furthermore, the overexpressed RNA is stably associated with the 30 S and 70 S ribosomes. Our results demonstrate that the AUG initiation codon and the coding region containing the downstream box are not required for cspA mRNA to bind ribosomes and that the 5-untranslated region by itself has a remarkable affinity to ribosomes at low temperature.

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Differential mRNA stability of the cspA gene in the cold‐shock response of Escherichia coli

Cited by 168 publications

References 25 publications

**Promoter‐independent cold‐shock induction of cspA and its derepression at 37°C by mRNA stabilization**

**Promoter‐independent cold‐shock induction of cspA and its derepression at 37°C by mRNA stabilization**

A family of cold shock proteins in Bacillus subtilis is essential for cellular growth and for efficient protein synthesis at optimal and low temperatures

The Cold Box Stem-loop Proximal to the 5′-End of theEscherichia coli cspA Gene Stabilizes Its mRNA at Low Temperature

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