Differential specificity of selective culture media for enumeration of pathogenic vibrios: Advantages and limitations of multi-plating methods

Nigro, Olivia D.; Steward, Grieg F.

doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.014

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is striking, because a previous study conducted in a different body of water in North Carolina also showed a correlation between salinity and Vibrio levels in water (24). Furthermore, salinity is one of the variables most often correlated with Vibrio levels in water in other studies (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). The concentrations of Vibrio spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Differences in Abundances of Total Vibrio spp., V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus in Clams and Oysters in North Carolina

Froelich

Phippen

Fowler

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Filter feeding shellfish can concentrate pathogenic bacteria, including Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, as much as 100-fold from the overlying water. These shellfish, especially clams and oysters, are often consumed raw, providing a route of entry for concentrated doses of pathogenic bacteria into the human body. The numbers of foodborne infections with these microbes are increasing, and a better understanding of the conditions that might trigger elevated concentrations of these bacteria in seafood is needed. In addition, if bacterial concentrations in water are correlated with those in shellfish, then sampling regimens could be simplified, as water samples can be more rapidly and easily obtained. After sampling of oysters and clams, either simultaneously or separately, for over 2 years, it was concluded that while Vibrio concentrations in oysters and water were related, this was not the case for levels in clams and water. When clams and oysters were collected simultaneously from the same site, the clams were found to have lower Vibrio levels than the oysters. Furthermore, the environmental parameters that were correlated with levels of Vibrio spp. in oysters and water were found to be quite different from those that were correlated with levels of Vibrio spp. in clams.IMPORTANCE This study shows that clams are a potential source of infection in North Carolina, especially for V. parahaemolyticus. These findings also highlight the need for clam-specific environmental research to develop accurate Vibrio abundance models and to broaden the ecological understanding of clam-Vibrio interactions. This is especially relevant as foodborne Vibrio infections from clams are being reported.KEYWORDS clams, ecology, food, oysters, shellfish, Vibrio A n estimated 84,000 people contract foodborne Vibrio infections each year in the United States, resulting in 500 hospitalizations and 100 deaths (1, 2). Unlike most other major foodborne bacterial pathogens, the number of cases caused by Vibrio spp. is increasing and currently is the highest since national reporting began (2, 3). While at least 12 Vibrio spp. are potentially pathogenic to humans, the two foodborne Vibrio spp. that cause the most infections and the most deaths in the United States are Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, respectively (2, 4).V. vulnificus is the single most fatal foodborne pathogen in the United States, and perhaps the world (4), accounting for 95% of all U.S. seafood-related deaths, with a fatality rate approaching 50% (5). Infections resulting from ingestion typically produce symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea, abdominal pain, hypotension, and the development of secondary lesions on the extremities (5, 6). V. parahaemolyticus infections are

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Differences in Abundances of Total Vibrio spp., V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus in Clams and Oysters in North Carolina

Froelich

Phippen

Fowler

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Although several authors criticize the use of API 20E systems for the identification of presumptive environmental isolate (Croci et al 2007;Copin et al 2012;Amalina & Ina-Salwany 2016), however, our results show a high degree of identification by phenotypic methods. In our investigation, cultural methods using CHROMagar and non-fermentation of the sucrose in TCBS seem to be an efficacious procedure for rapid control and differentiation of the three major pathogenic Vibrio species in environmental samples (Larsen et al 2015;Nigro & Steward 2015).…”

Section: Antibiotic Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 84%

Occurrence and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the Tunisian coastal seawater

Zaafrane

Maatouk

Alibí

et al. 2022

Journal of Water and Health

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative bacterium ubiquitous in seawater or estuarine water throughout the world. It is a major cause of seafood gastroenteritis complication. In this study, the presence of V. parahaemolyticus was investigated in 66 seawater samples collected during 2018 from 15 stations spread along the Tunisian coast using selective media including CHROMagar Vibrio media. The results show that only eight samples contained V. parahaemolyticus. However, while Vibrio alginolyticus was detected in all samples; both Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus were not found. Nine of the presumed V. parahaemolyticus colonies were purified on tryptic soy agar from eight positive samples then identified by the API 20E biochemical test and confirmed by the presence of a specific target toxR gene. The detection of virulence genes, thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) and thermostable-related haemolysin (trh), by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed the presence of only two trh-positive isolates. The assessment of antibiotic susceptibility of the V. parahaemolyticus isolated revealed a complete resistance to colistin, amikacin, penicillin and cefotaxime and a total sensitivity to chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim with a multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR) ranged from 0.4 to 0.5.

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“…For the purposes of initial surveys to determine baseline levels, culture-dependent methods can provide notable ecological insights, yet also be limited in scope. For example, the falsepositive rate of identifying Vv on CHROMagar as a bright blue colony was previously tested from a low-salinity body of water (Lake Ponchartrain) in the same approximate latitude as the waterbodies surveyed here (Nigro and Steward, 2015). In this typically oligohaline environment, with a salinity in the range of our study sites Bayous Texar and Chico (Supplementary Table 3), winter abundances of Vv and Vp may be overestimated by 50% (Nigro and Steward, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For example, the falsepositive rate of identifying Vv on CHROMagar as a bright blue colony was previously tested from a low-salinity body of water (Lake Ponchartrain) in the same approximate latitude as the waterbodies surveyed here (Nigro and Steward, 2015). In this typically oligohaline environment, with a salinity in the range of our study sites Bayous Texar and Chico (Supplementary Table 3), winter abundances of Vv and Vp may be overestimated by 50% (Nigro and Steward, 2015). Additionally, enumeration of Vv and Vp using the colony method likely underestimates the count, as a single particle may contain numerous Vibrio cells but still appear as a single colony (Joux et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viable Putative Vibrio vulnificus and parahaemolyticus in the Pensacola and Perdido Bays: Water Column, Sediments, and Invertebrate Biofilms

et al. 2021

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Vibriosis is the general term for human illnesses caused by infection of pathogenic Vibrio species. Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) and parahaemolyticus (Vp) are two problematic waterborne pathogens that have yet to be enumerated in northwest Florida coastal Gulf of Mexico estuaries. In this regionally novel study, we surveyed 43 locations in two subtropical estuarine systems, Perdido Bay and Pensacola Bay, over seven dates in winter 2020. Sampling included three substrate types: surface waters, sediments, and invertebrate biofilms. We determined baseline abundances of presumptive viable Vv and Vp appearing as colonies on CHROMagar (Vv, blue; Vp, purple). Vv was detected in 37 out of 43 water samples, with maximum levels of 3,556 CFU/mL. Vp was only detected in 15 water samples, with a maximum concentration of 8,919 CFU/mL. Sediments contained Vv in all but one sample, with concentrations ranging from 121 to 607,222 CFU/mL. In contrast, Vp were only detected in 33 sediment samples, where concentrations ranged from 28 to 77,333 CFU/mL. Opportunistically-sampled surface swabs (biofilms), collected from shells (either oyster or barnacle) and polychaete worms found in sediment samples, contained on average 7,735 and 1,490 CFU/mL of Vv and Vp, respectively. Surface water Vv abundances covaried with bottom water pH, maximum prior cumulative wind speeds, and tidal coefficient on the day of sampling. Vp surface water abundances negatively correlated with surface water salinity, surface water pH, and bottom water pH and positively correlated with total surface dissolved inorganic and total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations, and wind. Spatially, there was large variation in Vibrio densities in surface waters; abundances of both species were strongly correlated with wind, suggesting resuspension was important. Sedimentary abundances of both putative Vv and Vp shared a correlation with one parameter: salinity stratification. Due to the length of this study, temperature was not considered a major factor. This short-term (1 month) study was designed not to enumerate pathogenic Vv or Vp, but rather to establish the first winter baseline of Vibrio abundances for this region. Determination of these baseline winter cultivable putative Vibrio abundances will be valuable in predicting relative risk factors in each waterbody of interest.

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Differential specificity of selective culture media for enumeration of pathogenic vibrios: Advantages and limitations of multi-plating methods

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Differences in Abundances of Total Vibrio spp., V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus in Clams and Oysters in North Carolina

Differences in Abundances of Total Vibrio spp., V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus in Clams and Oysters in North Carolina

Occurrence and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the Tunisian coastal seawater

Viable Putative Vibrio vulnificus and parahaemolyticus in the Pensacola and Perdido Bays: Water Column, Sediments, and Invertebrate Biofilms

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