Differentiation of shoot elements from the rachis of Secale cereale L.

Abstract

<em>In vitro</em> culture of young <em>Secale cereale</em> spikes is described with special attention given to changes in development of the rachis. 7 mm explants were cultivated on a modified M u r a s h i g e and S k o o g (1962) medium (MS) supplemented with 2,4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), NAA (α-naph-thaleneacetic acid), IAA (β-indoleacetic acid), 2,4,5-T (trichlorophenoxyacetic acid), and ZEA (zeatin), KIN (kinetin), BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), IPA (izopentenyladenine or 2 iP) in numerous combinations and concentrations. Rachises differentiated branches with node construction in the presence of synthetic auxin. Rhizogenesis of explants was stimulated by 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. 2,4,5-T + IPA appeared to be the best combination for callus regeneration. Many meristematic centres were found previously and combinations of NAA + KIN stimulated direct, whereas 2,4-D + ZEA indirect, differentiation of shoot elements. Development was observed from plantlets to flowering plants.

The specificity and genetic background of the rye (Secale cereale L.) tissue culture response

“…A number of different somatic explants of rye have been used for callus induction and/or shoot/root/plant regeneration: leaf fragments (Rybczyński 1980; Linacero and Vazquez 1986), immature embryos and/or their fragments (Rybczyński 1979; Rybczyński and Zduńczyk 1986; Eapen and Rao 1982; Rakoczy-Trojanowska and Malepszy 1995), mature embryos (Rybczynski 1980; Ward and Jordan 2001), and immature inflorescences and/or their fragments (Rybczynski et al 1980; Linacero and Vazquez 1990; Rakoczy-Trojanowska and Malepszy 1993; Eapen and Rao 1985; Barro et al 1999). The TCR has been most frequently observed with immature embryos and immature inflorescences, although the efficiency of plant regeneration is significantly influenced by their stage of development.…”

“…Lu et al (1984) and Zimny and Lörz (1989) showed that the developmental stage of immature embryos was the critical factor affecting regeneration efficiency, with the best results (up to 100 % of explants regenerating plants) obtained with embryos in the late spherical coleoptile stage. In the case of immature inflorescences, optimal results have mainly been achieved with 0.5–2 cm long explants (Rybczynski 1980; Rybczynski et al 1980; Rakoczy-Trojanowska and Malepszy 1993; Barro et al 1998). …”

“…Several basal media have been tested in order to optimize the regeneration process in tissue cultures of rye: MS (Rybczynski 1980; Rybczynski et al 1980; Zimny and Lörz 1989; Lu et al 1984), N6, CC-10 and B5 (Zimny and Lörz 1989), and SH (Rybczynski 1980). Medium SH has also been employed with the addition of different plant growth regulators (PGR) in various combinations and concentrations (Rybczynski 1980; Rybczynski et al 1980; Zimny and Lörz 1989; Lu et al 1984), and organic supplements such as coconut water (Zimny and Lörz 1989; Lu et al 1984) or casein hydrolysate (Lu et al 1984).…”

“…Medium SH has also been employed with the addition of different plant growth regulators (PGR) in various combinations and concentrations (Rybczynski 1980; Rybczynski et al 1980; Zimny and Lörz 1989; Lu et al 1984), and organic supplements such as coconut water (Zimny and Lörz 1989; Lu et al 1984) or casein hydrolysate (Lu et al 1984). The results of around 30 years of study indicate that MS supplemented with 2,4-D or Dicamba (1–3 mg/dm 3 ) and sucrose (30 g/dm 3 ) is the best induction medium for somatic tissues, whereas most efficient plant regeneration is promoted by MS (or half strength MS) with IAA (usually 2 mg/l) or lacking PGR.…”