Diffuse optical mammotomography: state-of-the-art and prospects

Abstract

Abstract:The principles of diffuse optical tomography (DOT) of tissues are presented. The DOT capabilities as a method of breast cancer diagnostics are analysed. The state-ofthe-art of the DOT instrumentation and methodological base in application to solving the mammography problems are described. The significant contribution of Russian scientists to the development of the DOT methodology is emphasised. Basing on the results of the analysis, the authors expect the possibility of soonest entry of diffuse optical mammotomographs to the market of medical imaging instrumentation, and the capability of Russian researchers to take part in the competition for this market. © 2016 Journal of Biomedical Photonics & Engineering.Key words: diffuse optical tomography, breast, optical and functional parameters, methods of determining optical parameters, methods of image reconstruction, perturbation model of reconstruction, temporal point spread function, spatial resolution, reconstruction time. University Press, Cambridge (2016). 7. S. R. Arridge, and M. Schweiger, "Inverse methods for optical tomography," in Information Processing in Medical Imaging, H.H. Barrett (ed.), Springer-Verlag, Flagstaff, 259-277 (1993). 8. J. C. Hebden, S. R. Arridge, and D. T. Delpy, "Optical imaging in medicine: I. Experimental techniques,"Phys. Med. Biol. 42, 825-840 (1997). 9. S. R. Arridge, and J. C. Hebden, "Optical imaging in medicine: II. Modelling and reconstruction," Phys. Med. Biol. 42, 841-853 (1997). 10. B. B. Das, F. Liu, and R. R. Alfano, "Time-resolved fluorescence and photon migration studies in biomedical and random media," Rep. Prog. Phys. 60, 227-292 (1997). 11. K. Michielsen, H. De'Raedt, J. Przeslawski, and N. Garcia, "Computer simulation of time-resolved optical imaging of objects hidden in turbid media," Phys. Rep. 304, 89-144 (1998). 12. S. R. Arridge, "Optical tomography in medical imaging," Inverse Problems 15, R41-R93 (1999). Darzi, "Diffuse optical imaging of the healthy and diseased breast: a systematic review," Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 108, 9-22 (2008). 19. S. L. Jacques, and B. W. Pogue, "Tutorial on diffuse light transport," J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 041302 (2008 Biol. 361, 171-179 (1994). 31. A. Yodh, and B. Chance, "Spectroscopy and imaging with diffusing light," Phys. Today 48, 34-40 (1995). 32. J. C. Hebden, S. R. Arridge, "Imaging through scattering media by the use of an analytical model of perturbation amplitudes in the time domain," Appl. Opt. 35, 6788-6796 (1996). 33. K. D. Paulsen, and H. Jiang, "Enhanced frequency-domain optical image reconstruction in tissues through total-variation minimization," Appl. Opt. 35, 3447-3458 (1996). 34. R. J. Grable, "Optical tomography improves mammography," Laser Focus World 32, 113-118 (1996). 35. V. V. Lyubimov, "The physical foundation of the strongly scattering media laser tomography," Proc. SPIE 2769SPIE , 107-110 (1996. 36. V. V. Lyubimov, "Optical tomography of highly scattering media by using the first transmitted photons of ultrashort pulses," Optics a...

Multimodal imaging combining time-domain near-infrared optical tomography and continuous-wave fluorescence molecular tomography

“…This intrinsic functional information from NIROT excellently complements the molecular information from the fluorescently labeled contrast agents via FMT. One drawback of NIROT is that it is difficult to detect small tumors at early stages [42]. Here, TD-NIROT profits from a combination with FMT, which is highly sensitive to capture low-concentration fluorescence signals specific to tumors if proper probes are selected.…”

Study of the internal structure of bulky strongly scattering media using diffuse optical introscopy

“…5 и 8). В завершении важно отметить, что результаты, полученные в ходе экспериментальных исследований, свидетельствуют в пользу прямой зависимости между минимальным размером детектируемой неоднородности (разрешающей способностью системы) и количеством взаимных проекций «источник -детектор», что полностью согласуется с данными многочисленных работ (см., например, [9][10][11][12][13]). В частности, для получения качественной детализации объемных неоднородностей диаметром 1.0 мм требуется проведение пространственного сканирования объекта с использованием 16 проекций «источник -детектор».…”

Mathematical and numerical challenges in optical screening of female breast

“…As a matter of fact, the pioneering attempts (see for example the diaphanography developed by Cutler) failed because of the scarceness of the transmitted light; (b) the presence of compounds in tissue, mainly oxy‐ and deoxy‐haemoglobin, whose light absorption properties peak and are well separated at these frequencies. Specifically, light absorption can be related to the deoxy‐haemoglobin content of the tissue, which, in turn, is a marker for cancer detection, since higher absorption is expected for carcinomas than for the surrounding tissue because of increased blood content associated with tumor‐related angiogenesis and altered metabolism . Despite these appealing premises, optical imaging of tissue structure and function is however not an easy task: small differences in refractive index at the microscopic level cause an important elastic scattering effect, which can be 100× larger than absorption.…”

“…In the process described above, the treatment of the inverse problem is crucial. While several works and computer software packages address the inverse problem solution, (see Pogue et al and Arridge and Schotlandand the recent Godavarty et al and Konovalov et al for reviews and for the TOAST++ software implementation), accurate and—of upmost importance—faster approaches are still highly needed to produce marketable low‐cost light imaging instruments. In this work, we discuss our efforts in this direction.…”

“…Specifically, light absorption can be related to the deoxy-haemoglobin content of the tissue, which, in turn, is a marker for cancer detection, since higher absorption is expected for carcinomas than for the surrounding tissue because of increased blood content associated with tumor-related angiogenesis and altered metabolism. 2,3 Despite these appealing premises, optical imaging of tissue structure and function is however not an easy task: small differences in refractive index at the microscopic level cause an important elastic scattering effect, which can be 100× larger than absorption. Scattering makes impossible to reconstruct the deterministic path of a single photon from its emission to the exiting point, differently from high power X-rays.…”