Digital Twin Consensus for Blockchain-Enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems in Smart Cities

Liao, Siyi; Wu, Jun; Bashir, Ali Kashif; Yang, Wu; Li, Jianhua; Tariq, Usman

doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3134002

Cited by 53 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The works [72], [77] discuss the data reliability of digital twins in the metaverse. Gehrmann et al [77] propose a reliable state replication method for digital twin synchronization in industrial applications and identify seven key requirements in security architecture design.…”

Section: B Security Countermeasures To Metaverse Data Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address this issue in the metaverse, as shown in Fig. 11, Liao et al [72] leverage permissioned blockchain technology for trusted digital twin (DT) service transactions between VSPs and service requesters in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). A DT-DPoS (delegated proof of stake) consensus protocol is devised to improve consensus efficiency by using distributed DT servers to form the validator committee.…”

Section: B Security Countermeasures To Metaverse Data Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There exist inherent fraud risks (e.g., repudiation and refusal-to-pay) during UGC and virtual object trading among different stakeholders in the metaverse. Besides, in the construction of virtual objects via digital twin technologies, the metaverse has to guarantee that the produced and deployed digital copies are authentic and trustworthy [72]. For example, malicious users/avatars may buy UGCs or virtual objects in Roblox and illegally sell the digital duplicates of them to others to earn profits.…”

Section: A Threats To Metaverse Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, various works leverage game theory and learning-based methods to improve economic efficiency for metaverse services, including iterative double auction for resource pricing in DT construction [72], [133], DRL-based double Dutch auction for VR service trading [46], two-tier Q-learning for secure edge caching services [81], optimization theory for resource allocation in virtual education [146], and hierarchical game for coded distributed computing services in metaverse [147].…”

Section: B Open and Decentralized Creator Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

679

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metaverse, as an evolving paradigm of the nextgeneration Internet, aims to build a fully immersive, hyper spatiotemporal, and self-sustaining virtual shared space for humans to play, work, and socialize. Driven by recent advances in emerging technologies such as extended reality, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, metaverse is stepping from science fiction to an upcoming reality. However, severe privacy invasions and security breaches (inherited from underlying technologies or emerged in the new digital ecology) of metaverse can impede its wide deployment. At the same time, a series of fundamental challenges (e.g., scalability and interoperability) can arise in metaverse security provisioning owing to the intrinsic characteristics of metaverse, such as immersive realism, hyper spatiotemporality, sustainability, and heterogeneity. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the fundamentals, security, and privacy of metaverse. Specifically, we first investigate a novel distributed metaverse architecture and its key characteristics with ternary-world interactions. Then, we discuss the security and privacy threats, present the critical challenges of metaverse systems, and review the state-of-the-art countermeasures. Finally, we draw open research directions for building future metaverse systems.

show abstract

Section: B Security Countermeasures To Metaverse Data Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Security Countermeasures To Metaverse Data Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Threats To Metaverse Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Open and Decentralized Creator Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

679

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To resolve the above issues, Khan et al [58] the proposed twinchain's applicability. To further reduce the operation cost and secure digital twin-related transactions, Liao et al [59] deploy a permissioned blockchain and auctionbased pricing mechanism for dynamic service matching in intelligent transportation system (ITS) between digital twin service providers and requesters. To improve consensus efficiency, a novel DT-DPoS (digital twin delegated proof of stake) consensus protocol is also designed to better suit the digital twin-enabled ITS scenarios.…”

Section: Security and Privacy Countermeasures In Iodt A Iodt Data Sec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Digital Twins: Architecture, Enabling Technologies, Security and Privacy, and Future Prospects

Wang

Zhou

Guo

et al. 2023

IEEE Internet Things J.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

By interacting, synchronizing, and cooperating with its physical counterpart in real time, digital twin is promised to promote an intelligent, predictive, and optimized modern city. Via interconnecting massive physical entities and their virtual twins with inter-twin and intra-twin communications, the Internet of digital twins (IoDT) enables free data exchange, dynamic mission cooperation, and efficient information aggregation for composite insights across vast physical/virtual entities. However, as IoDT incorporates various cutting-edge technologies to spawn the new ecology, severe known/unknown security flaws and privacy invasions of IoDT hinders its wide deployment. Besides, the intrinsic characteristics of IoDT such as decentralized structure, information-centric routing and semantic communications entail critical challenges for security service provisioning in IoDT. To this end, this paper presents an in-depth review of the IoDT with respect to system architecture, enabling technologies, and security/privacy issues. Specifically, we first explore a novel distributed IoDT architecture with cyber-physical interactions and discuss its key characteristics and communication modes. Afterward, we investigate the taxonomy of security and privacy threats in IoDT, discuss the key research challenges, and review the state-of-the-art defense approaches. Finally, we point out the new trends and open research directions related to IoDT.

show abstract