Digital Video Watermarking for Metadata Embedding in Uav Video

Abstract

In this work we present an application of video digital watermarking to metadata embedding in UAV video footage. Digital watermarking provides the capability of embedding invisible signatures in digital media. As digital media is easily transported, copied or exchanged, a marked file provides innumerable advantages for tracking, fingerprinting, ownership verification and possibly covert communication. UAVs collect voluminous amount of metadata along with surveillance footage. Presently, metadata stream is transmitted on a separate channel or stored in the header section of video. The former approach occupies bandwidth whereas the latter approach leaves metadata in the open and easily removable. We have adapted our recently developed MPEG-2 watermarking algorithm to embed flight metadata directly in MPEG bitstream of UAV video. By intertwining metadata with video, the two streams cannot be easily separated, bookkeeping is reduced and security is enhanced. These goals are achieved at little or no cost. Video quality is maintained and file size is not increased. The algorithm is applied to Predator video footage.

Survey of Security Protocols and Vulnerabilities in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

“…The WiFi password can either be in the form of alphabets, special characters, numeric values, or the combination of all these three. There are two ways to provide more security to the wireless connections: one is the encryption methodology [126], and the other is the watermarking technology [127]. The novelty can be produced in the existing security protocols by deploying Watermarking with cryptography.…”

A survey on recent optimal techniques for securing unmanned aerial vehicles applications

“…To overcome various attacks, the UAVs need to be secured 75‐78 . The communication between UAV to UAV and between ground station can be secured with the help of various security techniques such as blockchain, 67,79‐83 ML, 84‐92 digital watermarking, 93‐99 and so on.…”

“…The authors of Reference 93 used visible light communication mapping for metadata embedding in UAV video in which the peak signal to noise ratio obtained was greater than 40 dB. The article 203 represents the use of DCT watermarking for securing the images captured by UAVs.…”

“…With the proliferation of UAV content in both military and commercial environments, watermarking appears to be a useful technique for obtaining reliable and safe ways to add metadata to a previously redundant bandwidth. With this technique, the unused capacity of the signal is utilized 93 …”

Parallel blind digital image watermarking in spatial and frequency domains

“…Among algorithms which watermark images we may find an interesting approach to the individual identification of the digital image's owner based on embedded biometric data of his voice [19]. Many articles undertake the issue of watermarking video data [36,46], e.g. [52] use a 3D Wavelet transform for blind watermarking, taking into account the Human Visual System (HVS) properties.…”