Direct determination of Cu by liquid cathode glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometry

Preparation of Ta2O5 nanoparticles by using cathode glow discharge electrolysis

“…Figure 8 shows a typical emission spectrum of CGDE. As can be seen from figure 8, the lines at 283.0, 289.0 and 309.0 nm are assigned to OH bands (A 2 Σ + -X 2 Π) [25]. This is because electrons collide with H 2 O to generate a large number of OH radicals [41].…”

“…This is because electrons collide with H 2 O to generate a large number of OH radicals [41]. Ionic lines attributed to O II (458.5 and 463.1 nm) and atomic lines attributed to H (H α at 656.3 nm and H β at 486.1 nm) and O I lines (715.6, 777.4, 795.2 and 844.6 nm) are observed, which are generated when the water vapor around the Pt electrode is bombarded by high energy electrons [25,41]. In addition, as the CGDE is achieved in Na 2 SO 4 solution, the Na I atomic lines are also observed at 568.3, 588.9, 589.6 and 819.4 nm [25].…”

“…Ionic lines attributed to O II (458.5 and 463.1 nm) and atomic lines attributed to H (H α at 656.3 nm and H β at 486.1 nm) and O I lines (715.6, 777.4, 795.2 and 844.6 nm) are observed, which are generated when the water vapor around the Pt electrode is bombarded by high energy electrons [25,41]. In addition, as the CGDE is achieved in Na 2 SO 4 solution, the Na I atomic lines are also observed at 568.3, 588.9, 589.6 and 819.4 nm [25]. Based on the emission spectrum, we found that the radicals such as •H, •O, •O 2− , •OH are generated during the process of CGDE.…”

“…In the GDE process, it involves plasma-liquid interfaces where many active species, i.e., H, O, HO, and H 2 O 2 are generated according to the non-faradaic effects and can induce some extraordinary chemical reactions, such as, oxidation, reduction, addition and elimination reactions [18][19][20]. Therefore, over the past two decades, GDE has been widely used for water purification [21], surface modification [22], synthetic chemistry [23,24], and spectral analysis [25].…”

Analysis of the Preheating Phase of Micro-Arc Discharge in Seawater, Operated Using a Needle-to-Plane Electrode with Variation in the Tip Shape

“…It was reported that micro-arc discharges could be reproducibly generated directly in highly-conductive liquids even at high pressures (up to 20 MPa) using a compact setup, which is essential for the development of compact analytical tools for on-site measurements in deep sea [15]. The compact tool for elemental composition analysis of seawater will be applied to numerous studies on oceanography, the exploration of marine resources, and ecological monitoring [28][29][30][31]. In recent study, it has been shown that OES of micro-arc discharges is advantageous for the detection of metal contaminants in seawater and could be applied to elemental composition analysis [24].…”