Direct effects of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentration on growth and
                        isotopic composition of marine plankton

Wolf‐Gladrow, Dieter; Riebesell, Ulf; Burkhardt, Steffen; Biȷma, Jelle

doi:10.3402/tellusb.v51i2.16324

Cited by 152 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This temperature rise leads to increasing sea surface temperatures and melting of glaciers and ice sheets, causing the water bodies to expand, and thus to rising sea levels worldwide (IPCC 2007). Increased atmospheric CO2 also acidifies the oceans (Wolf-Gladrow et al 1999), influencing marine ecosystems. The projected magnitude and pace of this acidification is alarming (Caldeira & Wickett 2003) and the effects largely unknown.…”

Section: The Global Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change: a ‘glocal’ problem requiring ‘glocal’ action

Gupta

Moel

Leeuw

2007

Environmental Sciences

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Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. RESEARCH ARTICLEClimate change: a 'glocal' problem requiring 'glocal' action JOYEETA GUPTA, KIM VAN DER LEEUW, & HANS DE MOELInstitute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Abstract It is generally assumed that global problems like climate change call for global solutions, which are then implemented at different administrative levels. This paper attempts to deconstruct climate change in physical terms to assess its global through to local characteristics, presents existing policy frameworks at different levels, and then discusses some theoretical and practical aspects of policymaking. It investigates the policy space at different administrative levels to see if it is possible to complement the slow global action with local action that goes beyond that strictly speaking needed for implementation. The paper argues that climate change is a problem that is both global and local in nature, that policy responses are possible at multiple administrative levels, and that there is considerable politics in the way responsibilities are assigned to different levels.

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Section: The Global Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change: a ‘glocal’ problem requiring ‘glocal’ action

Gupta

Moel

Leeuw

2007

Environmental Sciences

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“…C 4 photosynthesis; Reinfelder et al 2004). Whole-cell kinetic studies show that prokaryotic and eukaryotic species accumulate inorganic carbon to intracellular concentrations 10-1000 times greater than their external milieu (Burns & Beardall 1987;Dixon & Merrett 1988;Merret 1990;Rotatore et al 1995;Korb et al 1997;Nimer et al 1998;Wolf-Gladrow et al 1999). In most prokaryotes, CCMs include both an ATP-requiring active transport system for bicarbonate (via a HCO K 3 uniport and a Na C /HCO K 3 symport) and an NADHrequiring CO 2 uptake system that converts CO 2 to bicarbonate intracellularly, although some species appear to lack this latter system (e.g.…”

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolved physiological responses of phytoplankton to their integrated growth environment

Behrenfeld

Halsey

Milligan

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

187

159

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Phytoplankton growth and productivity relies on light, multiple nutrients and temperature. These combined factors constitute the 'integrated growth environment'. Since their emergence in the Archaean ocean, phytoplankton have experienced dramatic shifts in their integrated growth environment and, in response, evolved diverse mechanisms to maximize growth by optimizing the allocation of photosynthetic resources (ATP and NADPH) among all cellular processes. Consequently, co-limitation has become an omnipresent condition in the global ocean. Here we focus on evolved phytoplankton populations of the contemporary ocean and the varied energetic pathways they employ to solve the optimization problem of resource supply and demand. Central to this discussion is the allocation of reductant formed through photosynthesis, which we propose has the following three primary fates: carbon fixation, direct use and ATP generation. Investment of reductant among these three sinks is tied to cell cycle events, differentially influenced by specific forms of nutrient stress, and a strong determinant of relationships between light-harvesting (pigment), photosynthetic electron transport and carbon fixation. Global implications of optimization are illustrated by deconvolving trends in the 10-year global satellite chlorophyll record into contributions from biomass and physiology, thereby providing a unique perspective on the dynamic nature of surface phytoplankton populations and their link to climate.

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“…The current trend of accumulating CO 2 goes hand in hand with regional trends in other climate factors, especially increasing temperatures and increasing temperature vari- availability of other nutrients (e.g. Riebesell et al, 1993;Wolf-Gladrow et al, 1999) and to affect calcification processes in phytoplankton, other effects of CO 2 on the physiology of marine organisms, especially animals, are not very well understood. In 1996, the observed accumulation of CO 2 in surface water had already caused a decrease in water pH by 0.1 pH units (Haugan and Drange, 1996) and a detectable impact on planktonic algae was observed (Riebesell et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Impact of Elevated Ocean CO2 Concentrations: Lessons from Animal Physiology and Earth History

Pörtner

Langenbuch

Reipschläger

2004

Journal of Oceanography

635

463

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CO 2 currently accumulating in the atmosphere permeates into ocean surface layers, where it may impact on marine animals in addition to effects caused by global warming. At the same time, several countries are developing scenarios for the disposal of anthropogenic CO 2 in the worlds' oceans, especially the deep sea. Elevated CO 2 partial pressures (hypercapnia) will affect the physiology of water breathing animals, a phenomenon also considered in recent discussions of a role for CO 2 in mass extinction events in earth history. Our current knowledge of CO 2 effects ranges from effects of hypercapnia on acid-base regulation, calcification and growth to influences on respiration, energy turnover and mode of metabolism. The present paper attempts to evaluate critical processes and the thresholds beyond which these effects may become detrimental. CO 2 elicits acidosis not only in the water, but also in tissues and body fluids. Despite compensatory accumulation of bicarbonate, acid-base parameters (pH, bicarbonate and CO 2 levels) and ion levels reach new steady-state values, with specific, long-term effects on metabolic functions. Even though such processes may not be detrimental, they are expected to affect long-term growth and reproduction and may thus be harmful at population and species levels. Sensitivity is maximal in ommastrephid squid, which are characterized by a high metabolic rate and extremely pH-sensitive blood oxygen transport. Acute sensitivity is interpreted to be less in fish with intracellular blood pigments and higher capacities to compensate for CO 2 induced acid-base disturbances than invertebrates. Virtually nothing is known about the degree to which deep-sea fishes are affected by short or long term hypercapnia. Sensitivity to CO 2 is hypothesized to be related to the organizational level of an animal, its energy requirements and mode of life. Long-term effects expected at population and species levels are in line with recent considerations of a detrimental role of CO 2 during mass extinctions in the earth's history. Future research is needed in this area to evaluate critical effects of the various CO 2 disposal scenarios.

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Direct effects of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration on growth and isotopic composition of marine plankton

Cited by 152 publications

References 51 publications

Climate change: a ‘glocal’ problem requiring ‘glocal’ action

Climate change: a ‘glocal’ problem requiring ‘glocal’ action

Evolved physiological responses of phytoplankton to their integrated growth environment

Biological Impact of Elevated Ocean CO2 Concentrations: Lessons from Animal Physiology and Earth History

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