Direct electron microscopy studies of the bone—hydroxylapatite interface

Abstract

The bone-hydroxylapatite interface has been examined directly in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The bone-hydroxylapatite interface was characterized by using several electron microscopy techniques, including bright and dark field imaging, electron diffraction, high-resolution imaging, and energy dispersive analysis in the scanning-transmission electron microscope (STEM EDS). Mechanical grinding followed by argon-ion milling produced interface regions of unstained and undecalcified rat bone and hydroxylapatite that were transparent to electrons. Thus the exact location of the interface could be established and the bone at the interface studied. Conventional and high-resolution imaging in the TEM demonstrated direct chemical bonding between bone and hydroxylapatite. The bone at the ceramic surface was the same as normal bone away from the interface.

Clinical, radiological and histological study of the failure of cervical interbody fusions with bone substitutes

“…The dense ceramic in this study acted only as a spacer. New bone/substitute bond happened both in porous and dense HA [10,25] and new bone formation was at the expense of the b-TCP [6], so the total potential surface for bone ingrowth played a role in the new bone colonization process. High incorporation rate and good clinical results have been reported in anterior cervical interbody fusion with porous coralline HA [22,24], which implied that the porous ceramic could act as a scaffold to support bone ingrowth.…”

Anterior Cervical Interbody Fusion Using Polyetheretherketone Cage Filled With Autologous and Synthetic Bone Graft Substrates for Cervical Spondylosis: Comparative Analysis Between PolyBone^® and Iliac Bone

“…However, the complications associated with iliac harvest and allograft, including pain, infection, and numbness, 4,5,8,10,20) have prompted surgeons to seek substitute bone graft materials. Hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate have good biocompatibility and osteoconductive capacity, 13,22) and a mixture of calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite has shown good clinical and radiological outcomes as an iliac bone graft alternative. 6,7,9,[14][15][16][17]21,24) PolyBone } (Kyungwon Medical Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) is a beta-tricalcium phosphate material designed to act as a substitute bone graft.…”

Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Anterior Cervical Interbody Fusion Using Hydroxyapatite Spacer

“…Experimental studies have reproducibly demonstrated bioactive properties of HA. Formation of direct bonding with the bone has been confirmed by electron microscopy, and growth of bone on the surface of HA spacer (osteoconduction) has been observed 27) . Theoretically, these properties make the use of HA advantageous as a construct material in cervical interbody fusion.…”