Direct observations of transition dynamics from macro- to micro-phase separation in asymmetric lipid bilayers induced by externally added glycolipids

Shimobayashi, Shunsuke F.; Ichikawa, Masatoshi; Taniguchi, Takashi

doi:10.1209/0295-5075/113/56005

Cited by 28 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes and its dysregulation leads to lethal diseases, such as arteriosclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders [1,2]. Cholesterol is inserted into cell membranes owing to its hydrophobicity upon uptake and modulates the physical interaction between phospholipids in cell membranes, which can cause liquid-liquid phase separation of a homogeneous lipid membrane into liquid-disordered (L d ) and liquidordered (L o ) phases [3][4][5][6]. Some cholesterol is esterified and transported to lipid droplets (LDs), where it is stored as cholesteryl esters (CEs) [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Also, R * remained constant below T ∼ 30°C; this would be attributed to the near-saturation of the Q value when T T c [25]. There is a mounting evidence that phase transitions play important roles in living cells, particularly associating with membrane-less organelles or condensates [3,14,[26][27][28]; nevertheless, there has been little work on the phase transition in lipid droplets [29]. Our study to quantify the universal intracellular phase diagram, semi-quantitatively consistent with the in vitro phase diagram, is only the beginning of the fundamental biophysics for lipid droplets.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Universal phase behaviors of intracellular lipid droplets

Shimobayashi

Ohsaki

2019

Preprint

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Lipid droplets are cytoplasmic micro-scale organelles involved in energy homeostasis and handling of cellular lipids and proteins. The core structure is mainly composed of two kinds of neutral lipids, triglycerides and cholesteryl esters, which are coated by a phospholipid monolayer and proteins. Despite the liquid crystalline nature of cholesteryl esters, the connection between the lipid composition and physical states is poorly understood. Here, we present the first universal intracellular phase diagram of lipid droplets, semi-quantitatively consistent with the in vitro phase diagram, and reveal that cholesterol esters cause the liquid-liquid crystal phase transition under near-physiological conditions. The internal molecules of the liquid crystallized lipid droplets are aligned radially. We moreover combine in vivo and in vitro studies, together with the theory of confined liquid crystals, to suggest that the radial molecular alignments in intracellular lipid droplets are caused by an anchoring force at the droplet surface. Our findings on the phase transition of lipid droplets and resulting molecular organization contribute to a better understanding of their biological functions and diseases.

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Universal phase behaviors of intracellular lipid droplets

Shimobayashi

Ohsaki

2019

Preprint

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“…[147], where the small shoulder on the interaction potential at intermediate range indicates a weak repulsion. More generally, anchored molecules can play the same role, as it was non-ambigously demonstrated in reference [86] on experimental proofs. 3.…”

Section: Sources Of (Local) Spontaneous Curvature C Sp =mentioning

confidence: 62%

A rationale for mesoscopic domain formation in biomembranes

Destainville

Manghi

Cornet

2018

Preprint

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Cell plasma membranes display a dramatically rich structural complexity characterized by functional sub-wavelength domains with specific lipid and protein composition. Under favorable experimental conditions, patterned morphologies can also be observed in vitro on model systems such as supported membranes or lipid vesicles. Lipid mixtures separating in liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases below a demixing temperature play a pivotal role in this context. Protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions also contribute to membrane shaping by promoting small domains or clusters. Such phase separations displaying characteristic length-scales falling in-between the nanoscopic, molecular scale on the one hand and the macroscopic scale on the other hand, are named mesophases in soft condensed matter physics. In this review, we propose a classification of the diverse mechanisms leading to mesophase separation in biomembranes. We distinguish between mechanisms relying upon equilibrium thermodynamics and those involving out-of-equilibrium mechanisms, notably active membrane recycling. In equilibrium, we especially focus on the many mechanisms that dwell on an up-down symmetry breaking between the upper and lower bilayer leaflets. Symmetry breaking is an ubiquitous mechanism in condensed matter physics at the heart of several important phenomena. In the present case, it can be either spontaneous (domain buckling) or explicit, i.e., due to an external cause (global or local vesicle bending properties). Whenever possible, theoretical predictions and simulation results are confronted to experiments on model systems or living cells, which enables us to identify the most realistic mechanisms from a biological perspective.

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“…We begin with the definition of S We now take the derivative with respect to k, keeping in mind that both the integrand and the integration boundary depend on that variable. However, the integrand is zero at q = k, After multiplying both sides by 2/π and relabeling p → q we arrive at (9).…”

Section: Appendix: Derivation Of Inverse Transformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Such thermodynamic phase separation creates lateral structure in the membrane on a length scale that increases with the size of the system. Organization on smaller length scales can be generated in structured phases such as microemulsion or modulated phases [6][7][8][9] as well as in systems that display nanoscopic domains. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Identifying the nature of such lateral organization and understanding the mechanisms that give rise to them continues to be a challenge in membrane biophysics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating the structure factors of two-dimensional materials in planar and spherical geometries

Luo

Maibaum

2018

Soft Matter

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Scattering structure factors provide essential insight into material properties and are routinely obtained in experiments, computer simulations, and theoretical analyses. Different approaches favor different geometries of the material. In case of lipid bilayers, scattering experiments can be performed on spherical vesicles, while simulations and theory often consider planar membrane patches. We derive an approximate relationship between the structure functions of such a material in planar and spherical geometries. We illustrate the usefulness of this relationship in a case study of a Gaussian material that supports both homogeneous and microemulsion phases. Within its range of applicability, this relationship enables a model-free comparison of structure factors of the same material in different geometries.

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Direct observations of transition dynamics from macro- to micro-phase separation in asymmetric lipid bilayers induced by externally added glycolipids

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Universal phase behaviors of intracellular lipid droplets

Universal phase behaviors of intracellular lipid droplets

A rationale for mesoscopic domain formation in biomembranes

Relating the structure factors of two-dimensional materials in planar and spherical geometries

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