Directional sensitivity to geomagnetically induced currents of the Hydro-Quebec 735 kV power system

Boteler, D. H.; Bui-Van, Q.; Lemay, J.

doi:10.1109/61.329528

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…5. As another approach, GIC is estimated by the equation below (Boteler et al 1994) for an equivalent circuit of a three-phase electric power line earthed on both ends shown in Fig. 12 when the same earthing resistance, R s (Ω) and the winding resistance of the transformers R w (Ω) are assumed for both ends.…”

Section: Estimation Of Gic and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of geomagnetically induced currents based on the measurement data of a transformer in a Japanese power network and geoelectric field observations

Watari

2015

Earth Planet Sp

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Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) have the potential to cause electric power blackouts. Hence, it is important to study the effects of GICs produced by intense geomagnetic storms. The measurements of GICs were conducted at the Memanbetsu substation, Hokkaido, between December 2005 and March 2008. We obtain the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of the measured GICs and the empirical equation to estimate GICs using the GIC data and geoelectric field observation data. GICs associated with the past intense geomagnetic storms, e.g., the March 13-15 storm and the October 29-30, 2003 storm, are estimated.

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Section: Estimation Of Gic and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of geomagnetically induced currents based on the measurement data of a transformer in a Japanese power network and geoelectric field observations

Watari

2015

Earth Planet Sp

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“…Since then power network modeling has been used by the power industry, while the Lehtinen‐Pirjola method has been mainly used by the geophysics community. Early studies involving GIC modeling were primarily made for high‐latitude power systems in Finland [ Pirjola and Lehtinen , ; Mäkinen , ] and Canada [ Boteler et al ., ]. Later, it was recognized that GIC could affect power systems all over the world and GIC studies were made in many countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling geomagnetically induced currents

2017

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Understanding the geomagnetic hazard to power systems requires the ability to model the geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) produced in a power network. This paper presents the developments in GIC modeling starting with an examination of fundamental questions about where the driving force for GIC is located. Then we outline the two main network modeling approaches that are mathematically equivalent and show an example for a simple circuit. Accurate modeling of the GIC produced during real space weather events requires including the appropriate system characteristics, magnetic source fields, and Earth conductivity structure. It is shown how multiple voltage levels can be included in GIC modeling and how the network configuration affects the GIC values. Magnetic source fields can be included by using “plane wave” or line current models or by using geomagnetic observatory data with an appropriate interpolation scheme. Earth conductivity structure can be represented by 1‐D, 2‐D, or 3‐D models that are used to calculate the transfer function between electric and magnetic fields at the Earth's surface. For 2‐D and 3‐D structures this will involve a tensor impedance function and electric fields that are not necessarily orthogonal to the magnetic field variations. It is now technically possible to include all these features in the modeling of GIC, and various software implementations are being developed to make these features more accessible for use in risk studies.

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“…Viljanen and Pirjola, 1994]. The conclusion indicated by Boteler et al [1994] that an electric field whose direction bisects the angle between two transmission lines arriving at a corner station tends to maximize GIC there is also supported by Figure 1. Transformers at middle stations, such as for example 5, 6, 8, 12 and 20 in Figure 1, are not probable candidates for suffering from GIC problems, and they are less interesting sites for GIC measurements, too.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Study of effects of changes of earthing resistances on geomagnetically induced currents in an electric power transmission system

Pirjola

2008

Radio Science

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[1] ''Geomagnetically induced currents'' (GIC) are a potential source of problems in ground-based technological conductor systems. Power grids, which are discretely-earthed networks, constitute an example. When calculating GIC in a system the low frequencies involved enable a dc treatment. In principle, the computation of GIC can be carried out exactly based on geoelectric data if the configuration and resistances of the network are known. In practice, however, the parameters often involve uncertainties. This especially concerns earthing resistance data, partly because they are usually only known at ac frequencies and partly because lower-voltage networks that are neglected when considering a high-voltage system may affect them. To investigate the influence of changes of earthing resistances on GIC, we present results from several computations. Although the calculations refer to the Finnish 400 kV power grid the observations also have more general relevance. It is seen that the impact of possible small uncertainties in the earthing resistances is not large regarding practical applications, in which knowledge of the level of GIC, rather than of precise values, is needed. It is also shown that additional resistances in the earthings provide a possible means to decrease GIC risks. In addition, the results indicate that interactions between different stations, i.e., the effects of off-diagonal elements in the earthing impedance matrix, are minor.Citation: Pirjola, R. (2008), Study of effects of changes of earthing resistances on geomagnetically induced currents in an electric power transmission system, Radio Sci., 43, RS1004,

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Directional sensitivity to geomagnetically induced currents of the Hydro-Quebec 735 kV power system

Cited by 27 publications

References 6 publications

Estimation of geomagnetically induced currents based on the measurement data of a transformer in a Japanese power network and geoelectric field observations

Estimation of geomagnetically induced currents based on the measurement data of a transformer in a Japanese power network and geoelectric field observations

Modeling geomagnetically induced currents

Study of effects of changes of earthing resistances on geomagnetically induced currents in an electric power transmission system

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