Directions and main results of winter wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) breeding in the Republic of Belarus

The research was carried out in order to isolate the initial material of winter soft wheat for crop breeding for high productivity, low stems and their combination in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2011-2013 in Ulyanovsk region. The soil of the experimental field is leached chernozem, the predecessor is pure fallow. The material for the study was 102 varieties of winter wheat of various geographical origins. The weather conditions during the experiment were contrasting. Stress factors of the environment, typical for the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region, did not allow to realize the production potential of most of the winter wheat varieties of the world collection. Varieties from Germany, Hungary, Bulgaria, Serbia, Moldova, China, USA, Japan, Estonia, Latvia formed a yield below the Volzhskaya K standard (in 2011 - 630 g/m2, in 2012 - 367 g/m2, in 2013 - 162 g/m2) by 10 ... 93%. Due to the often developing dry conditions, significant positive correlation-regression dependences of the yield of winter soft wheat on plant height (R2>0.08) were established. High-yielding sources of Poema, Biyskaya ozimaya cultivars, which annually exceeded the standard by 16...205%, were identified and recommended as the starting material for crop breeding. Dwarf and semi-dwarf wheats Donskaya lira, Zamozhnist, Yasnogorka, which have generated yields at or above the Volzhskaya K standard (499 g/m2 on average for 2011–2012 and 264 g/m2 on average for 2012–2013), are breeding value as sources of a combination of low stalks and productivity.

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Source Material of Winter Soft Wheat Selection for Productivity and Dwarfness in the Middle Volga Forest-Steppe Conditions

Zakharova

Zakharov

Isaychev

2023

Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University

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Peculiarities of the phenotypic dominance degree manifestation by stem length in F1bread winter wheat

2021

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The manifestation of the phenotypic dominance degree of the main stem length in F1 under hybridization of diﬀerent varieties of bread winter wheat was studied during diﬀerent for hydrothermal conditions 2018–2020. In the hybridization of Bilotserkivska napivkarlykova variety with medium-growing varieties of groups 1 and 2, the most common type of stem length inheritance was negative overdominance – 54.5 % and positive overdominance – 27.3 %. The degree of phenotypic dominance varied from -63.0 to +7.4. When used medium-sized varieties of group I in the crossing with the maternal form, the degree of phenotypic dominance had a signifcant diﬀerentiation from -257.0 to +35.0, and the determination of stem length in most combinations was negatively overdominated – 61.4 %. The combinations Shchedra nyva/Dobirna, Shchedra nyva/Vidrada, Myronivska early/Kolchuga, Antonivka/Vidrada were characterized by a stable manifestation of a negative degree of phenotypic dominance (h p > -1). When involved in the hybridization of medium-sized varieties of group 2 in the maternal form, the most common type of stem length inheritance had negative dominance as well. It was found that the degree of phenotypic dominance of stem length in F 1 depended on the selection of parental forms for hybridization and year conditions. Thus, in 2020, under more favorable conditions for the formation of stem length in most hybrids, a negative degree of phenotypic dominance was determined, and the inheritance was negatively dominated. High rates of negative hypothetical and true heterosis were found in the following hybrids: Shchedra nyva/Dobirna, Shchedra nyva/Vidrada, Kolchuga/Chornyava, Kolchuga/ Antonivka, Yednist/Dobirna, Kolchuga/Vidrada in 2018; Chornyava/Antonivka, Shchedra nyva/Dobirna, Shchedra nyva/Vidrada, Chorniava/Shchedra nyva in 2019; Myronivska early/Antonivka, Zolotokolosa/Antonivka, Myronivska early/Kolchuga, Myronivska early/Vdala, Zolotokolosa/ Yednist, Shchedra nyva/Stolychna, Shchedra nyva/Vidrada, Antonivka/Yednist, Antonivka/Vidrada, Kolchuga/Vidrada, Kolchuga/Stolychna in 2020. Key words: bread winter wheat, crossbreeding combinations, hybrids, main stem length, degree of phenotypic dominance, hypothetical and true heterosis.

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Manifestation of the Effect of Growth Heterosis in Intraspecific Hybrids of Soft Wheat

Yusifova

2024

Bulletin of Science and Practice

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The presented article presents the results of the study of height inheritance in hybrid combinations of the first generation (F1) of bread wheat. The research was conducted in the 2019-2020 growing season at the Apsheron District Experimental Farm under irrigation conditions. In 32 combinations of hybrids of the first generation (F1), obtained as a result of reciprocal crossing of 9 local varieties («Mirbashir-128», «Azeri», «Gobustan», «Fatima», «Gyrmyzy gul-1», «Murov-2», «Askeran», «Matin» and «Onur»). Studied the height of plants in comparison with parental forms and determined the degree of true heterosis and dominance. In the studied hybrid combinations, a variety from high dominance to depression was found in the transmission of heredity. When analyzing hybrids of bread wheat of the first generation (F1) according to the inheritance of plant height, high dominance was determined in 19 combinations (59.4%), depression — in 8 combinations (25.0%), intermediate heredity - in 5 combinations (15.6% ). Positive heterosis was revealed in 19 combinations (59.4%), negative heterosis - in 13 combinations (40.6%). As a result of the research, it is possible to initially conclude that it is possible to obtain low-growing hybrids by involving in the hybridization a variety of the same height.

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Directions and main results of winter wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) breeding in the Republic of Belarus

Cited by 3 publications

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Source Material of Winter Soft Wheat Selection for Productivity and Dwarfness in the Middle Volga Forest-Steppe Conditions

Source Material of Winter Soft Wheat Selection for Productivity and Dwarfness in the Middle Volga Forest-Steppe Conditions

Peculiarities of the phenotypic dominance degree manifestation by stem length in F1bread winter wheat

Manifestation of the Effect of Growth Heterosis in Intraspecific Hybrids of Soft Wheat

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