Discomfort Glare from Small, High-Luminance Light Sources When Viewed against a Dark Surround

Tyukhova, Yulia; Waters, Clarence E.

doi:10.1080/15502724.2018.1434415

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Independent, control and dependent variables This study describes the same experimental set up used in a study by Tyukhova and Waters. 3 Thirty-six experimental conditions were used comprising the following four independent variables: luminance of the glare source (20,000; 205,000; and 750,000 cd/m 2 ), its position in the field of view (08 and 108), its solid angle (10 À5 and 10 À4 sr) and the luminance of the background (0.03; 0.3; and 1 cd/m 2 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental apparatus ( Figure 3) was custom-designed and built specifically for the study of discomfort glare from small, highluminance light sources in outdoor nighttime environments. 3,34 It consists of a sphere (R ¼ 1 m), a subject positioning station (chinrest), two glare sources at 08 and 108 with adjustable luminance and solid angles (10 À5 , 10 À4 sr), a background source that changes the background luminance (0.03, 0.3 and 1 cd/m 2 ), the illuminance meter at the eye level, and the eye tracking device in front of the subject below the line of sight. The unwanted spill light from the background source is blocked by a shield above the subject's head.…”

Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tyukhova and Waters showed that, among the considered models, the Unified Glare Rating (UGR) small source extension, typically used in interiors, predicts glare from a small, high-luminance light source most accurately when viewed against a dark surround. 3 Most glare research uses a subjective measure of discomfort glare with human subjects, which can be obtained using one or more of the following methods: 4 (1) rating scale; (2) paired comparison ranking; (3) adjustment or single-label; and (4) categorization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subjective and pupil responses to discomfort glare from small, high-luminance light sources

Tyukhova

Waters

2018

Lighting Research & Technology

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This study examined human subjective and pupil responses to small, high-luminance light sources seen against low-luminance backgrounds. Subjective judgements of glare using a seven-point rating scale and the change in pupil diameters following exposure to glare of 47 subjects were measured during evaluation of 36 conditions comprising three glare source luminances (20,000; 205,000; 750,000 cd/m2), two source positions (0°, 10°), two source sizes (10−5, 10−4 sr) and three background luminances (0.03; 0.3; 1 cd/m2). Data analysis suggests that the relative pupil size is correlated with subjective responses to discomfort glare to some extent (r = 0.659). Analysis of variance of relative pupil size measurements demonstrates a significant main effect of the background luminance suggesting that when the background luminance decreases, the relative pupil size increases. Relative pupil size shows the same trend as the relative change in illuminance at the eyes and the discomfort glare perception.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subjective and pupil responses to discomfort glare from small, high-luminance light sources

Tyukhova

Waters

2018

Lighting Research & Technology

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“…The output of a trial is the discomfort category, usually quantified by the integer associated with that category. Recent studies using rating include Tuaycharoen and Tregenza [2007], Rodriquez and Pattini [2014] and Tyukhova and Waters [2018]. Experimental biases in studies of discomfort from glare using category rating are discussed in Section 4.…”

Section: Commonly Used Test Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Discomfort from Glare: Recommendations for Good Practice

Fotios

Kent

2020

LEUKOS

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This article presents a review of the methods used for subjective evaluation of discomfort from glare, focusing on the two procedures most frequently used in past researchadjustment and category rating. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that some aspects of these procedures influence the evaluation, such as the range of glare source luminances available in an adjustment procedure, leading to biased evaluations and which hence reduce the reliability and validity of the data. The article offers recommendations for good practice when using these procedures and also suggests alternative methods that might be explored in further work.

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“…Discomfort glare was measured using a rating scale as shown in Table 3. This scale has been reported to produce reliable data, with smaller numbers meaning lower discomfort glare and higher numbers meaning higher discomfort glare ( 11 , 12 ). The scale also has a “zero” anchor for no discomfort glare.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mounting Height, Offset Distance, and Number of Light Towers on Drivers’ Visual Performance and Discomfort Glare in Work Zones

Bhagavathula

Gibbons

2018

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Portable light towers are a significant source of glare to motorists entering a work zone. Although existing research has evaluated the effect of light tower orientation on visibility and glare, the effects of factors like mounting height, offset distance from the roadway, and number of light towers in the work zone, on visual performance and discomfort glare is not known. Understanding these relationships can help in developing illuminating guidelines for work zones that can reduce glare for drivers. The goal of this paper is to understand the effect of mounting height, offset distance to the roadway, and number of light towers in the work zone on drivers’ visual performance and discomfort glare. Participants drove through a realistic work zone and evaluated portable light towers in varying mounting heights, offset distances, and number of light towers in the work zone. Results showed that the mounting height and offset distances play a critical role in affecting the driver’s visual performance and discomfort glare rating. Portable light towers, irrespective of wattage and lumen output, at lower than a mounting height of 20 ft and closer to the roadway result in decreasing driver visual performance and increasing their discomfort glare. Portable light towers should be mounted at a height of at least 20 ft and balloon light towers with higher wattage (4,000 W and greater) and lumen output (400,000 lumens and greater) should be located at an offset distance of at least 10 ft from the roadway.

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Discomfort Glare from Small, High-Luminance Light Sources When Viewed against a Dark Surround

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Subjective and pupil responses to discomfort glare from small, high-luminance light sources

Subjective and pupil responses to discomfort glare from small, high-luminance light sources

Measuring Discomfort from Glare: Recommendations for Good Practice

Effects of Mounting Height, Offset Distance, and Number of Light Towers on Drivers’ Visual Performance and Discomfort Glare in Work Zones

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