“…Minerals 2022, 12, 1438 10 of 24 of this method [2,13,14,105,106] is to discretize the object of study into rigid blocks: each rigid block follows Newton's second law; each rigid block is connected by contact; the interaction between the rigid blocks is described by using the display difference method; the discontinuous units formed between different rigid blocks can be used to describe weak surface structures, such as cracks and laminar surfaces; and the discontinuous units between the channels formed between the discontinuous cells allow for fluid flow, thus solving the fluid-solid coupling problem (Figure 6a). The discrete element method has been introduced by researchers to study the mechanism of hydraulic fracture extension because of its greater advantage in dealing with discontinuous structures, such as natural fractures and laminated surfaces [13,14,17,106,107]. Many scholars have established discrete element models based on the discrete element method to simulate the dynamic propagation process of hydraulic fractures during the fracturing process, and among these models, the common models are the wireline network model, discrete fracture model, randomly distributed multi-fracture model and unconventional fracture model [2,14,17,32,109].…”