Discriminant Carbohydrate Components of Human Milk According to Donor Secretor Types

Lectin binding studies of parotid salivary glycoproteins in Sjögren's syndrome

“…The binding of UEA-1 (Fuca1,2Galb1,4GlcNAc directed) to salivary lactoferrin purified from patients with Sjögren©s syndrome, compared to the absence of binding to lactoferrin purified from PMNs, suggests that salivary lactoferrin expresses the secretor H-antigen and that PMNs are not the source of raised levels of salivary lactoferrin. This is supported by a previous study which found an absence of fucose from the sugar chains of PMN lactoferrin but its presence on lactoferrin from human milk [17,20], the glycoproteins of which are known to express the secretor antigens [33]. The presence of iron-saturated, salivary-cell-derived lactoferrin in ductal saliva may suggest that free iron has been bound within the parotid gland and this may reflect a change associated with salivary gland disease.…”

Infant Maturity at Birth Reveals Minor Differences in the Maternal Milk Metabolome in the First Month of Lactation

“…Mutations in both FUT2 alleles render an individual unable to create these linkages, and these individuals are referred to as ''nonsecretors.'' Those individuals who are heterozygotes or who lack any of the common FUT2 mutations readily create these linkages in surface and secreted molecules and are named ''secretors'' (38). Because the infant gut lacks glycosidases to catabolize HMOs, these molecules are indigestible and survive intact through the upper digestive tract (39) and thus are able to serve as a food source for specific commensal bacteria in the distal small bowel and colon (40)(41)(42), and potentially protect the infant from enteric pathogens by acting as decoys (43).…”

Current methods for the analysis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and their novel applications

“…In the early 1990s, a fi rst study was conducted using paper chromatography to determine differences in HMO composition that are associated with secretor status. 77 Clear differences were observed and the question was raised whether these different HMO compositions have an infl uence on the neonate. Indeed, several papers now report on the benefi cial effects of α 1-2-linked fucose on E. coli infection and the associated incidence of diarrhea.…”

“…Indeed, several papers now report on the benefi cial effects of α 1-2-linked fucose on E. coli infection and the associated incidence of diarrhea. 31,78,79 More recently, several studies directed towards the associations of HMO profi les with Lewis blood type have been conducted, 9,12,16,28,45,47,52,62,76,77,[80][81][82][83] and it has been reported more than once that not only secretor status, but also Lewis blood type, can be determined using HMO profi les. In several studies, however, samples were discarded if their HMO profi les did not fi t the Lewis blood type as determined by hemagglutination or saliva tests.…”