“…(p. 734) Research has consistently identified significant correlations between visualmotor integration (as measured by the VMI) and handwriting. The correlational research has strong evidence demonstrating moderate relationships between the VMI and handwriting measures (Barnhardt et al, 2005;Brossard-Racine et al, 2011;Cornhill & Case-Smith, 1996;Daly et al, 2003;Parush et al, 2010;Volman et al, 2006;Weintraub & Graham, 2000), although some authors have been quick to recommend caution in interpreting correlational studies (Goyen & Duff, 2005;Tseng & Cermak, 1993). Twenty years ago, Tseng and Cermak (1993) wrote, "Authors have assumed that if there is a correlation between performance on the component and handwriting, that problems in the component underlie the handwriting problem, and that remediation of the component will result in improvement in handwriting" (p. 924).…”