Discriminating acute from chronic human schistosomiasis mansoni

Beck, Lílian; Van-Lume, Daniele S M; Souza, Joelma Rodrigues de; Domingues, Ana Lúcia Coutinho; Favre, Tereza Cristina; Abath, Frederico G. C.; Montenegro, Sílvia Maria Lucena

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.08.012

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Thus an infected child could therefore wait up to 3–4 years before receiving first treatment, and with this may have already entered a more ‘chronic’ stage of disease [40], [41], [42], [43]. For example, earlier clinical and ultrasound studies in Uganda in children aged 6 and above, have shown significant hepatosplenomegaly (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma mansoni Infections in Young Children: When Are Schistosome Antigens in Urine, Eggs in Stool and Antibodies to Eggs First Detectable?

et al. 2011

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BackgroundIn Uganda, control of intestinal schistosomiasis with preventive chemotherapy is typically focused towards treatment of school-aged children; the needs of younger children are presently being investigated as in lakeshore communities very young children can be infected. In the context of future epidemiological monitoring, we sought to compare the detection thresholds of available diagnostic tools for Schistosoma mansoni and estimate a likely age of first infection for these children.Methods and FindingsA total of 242 infants and preschool children (134 boys and 108 girls, mean age 2.9 years, minimum 5 months and maximum 5 years) were examined from Bugoigo, a well-known disease endemic village on Lake Albert. Schistosome antigens in urine, eggs in stool and host antibodies to eggs were inspected to reveal a general prevalence of 47.5% (CI95 41.1–54.0%), as ascertained by a positive criterion from at least one diagnostic method. Although children as young as 6 months old could be found infected, the average age of infected children was between 3¼–3¾ years, when diagnostic techniques became broadly congruent.ConclusionWhilst different assays have particular (dis)advantages, direct detection of eggs in stool was least sensitive having a temporal lag behind antigen and antibody methods. Setting precisely a general age of first infection is problematic but if present Ugandan policies continue, a large proportion of infected children could wait up to 3–4 years before receiving first medication. To better tailor treatment needs for this younger ageclass, we suggest that the circulating cathodic antigen urine dipstick method to be used as an epidemiological indicator.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma mansoni Infections in Young Children: When Are Schistosome Antigens in Urine, Eggs in Stool and Antibodies to Eggs First Detectable?

et al. 2011

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“…Different IgG isotypes are released predominantly during the acute phase of schistosomiasis, and IgA is produced mainly at the chronic granuloma formation phase. IgG production peaks around 20 weeks after infection, while IgM levels peak at 12 to 16 weeks postinfection (86)(87)(88). It has been shown, using a soluble egg antigen (SEA)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (described later), that serum IgG levels are significantly higher in chronic than acute S. japonicum infection, while IgM, IgA, and IgE levels are higher in the acute infection (89).…”

Section: Immunological Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Schistosomiasis is a major neglected tropical disease that afflicts more than 240 million people, including many children and young adults, in the tropics and subtropics. The disease is characterized by chronic infections with significant residual morbidity and is of considerable public health importance, with substantial socioeconomic impacts on impoverished communities. Morbidity reduction and eventual elimination through integrated intervention measures are the focuses of current schistosomiasis control programs. Precise diagnosis of schistosome infections, in both mammalian and snail intermediate hosts, will play a pivotal role in achieving these goals. Nevertheless, despite extensive efforts over several decades, the search for sensitive and specific diagnostics for schistosomiasis is ongoing. Here we review the area, paying attention to earlier approaches but emphasizing recent developments in the search for new diagnostics for schistosomiasis with practical applications in the research laboratory, the clinic, and the field. Careful and rigorous validation of these assays and their cost-effectiveness will be needed, however, prior to their adoption in support of policy decisions for national public health programs aimed at the control and elimination of schistosomiasis.

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“…Frequently, reaction with other parasites antigens compromises the specificity. Nevertheless, antigens used in immunoassays have proven crucial test sensitivity and specificity element [145].…”

Section: Parasitological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis: from established diagnostic assays to emerging micro/nanotechnology-based rapid field testing for clinical management and epidemiology

Nigo

Salieb-Beugelaar

Battegay

et al. 2019

PRNANO

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Schistosomiasis is a neglected invasive worm disease with a huge disease burden in developing countries, particularly in children, and is seen increasingly in non-endemic regions through transfer by travellers, expatriates, and refugees. Undetected and untreated infections may be responsible for the persistence of transmission. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is the key to treatment and control. So far, parasitological detection methods remain the cornerstone of Schistosoma infection diagnosis in endemic regions, but conventional tests have limited sensitivity, in particular in low-grade infection. Recent advances contribute to improved detection in clinical and field settings. The recent progress in micro- and nanotechnologies opens a road by enabling the design of new miniaturized point-of-care devices and analytical platforms, which can be used for the rapid detection of these infections. This review starts with an overview of currently available laboratory tests and their performance and then discusses emerging rapid and micro/nanotechnologies-based tools. The epidemiological and clinical setting of testing is then discussed as an important determinant for the selection of the best analytical strategy in patients suspected to suffer from Schistosoma infection. Finally, it discusses the potential role of advanced technologies in the setting near to disease eradication is examined.

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Discriminating acute from chronic human schistosomiasis mansoni

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Schistosoma mansoni Infections in Young Children: When Are Schistosome Antigens in Urine, Eggs in Stool and Antibodies to Eggs First Detectable?

Schistosoma mansoni Infections in Young Children: When Are Schistosome Antigens in Urine, Eggs in Stool and Antibodies to Eggs First Detectable?

Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis: from established diagnostic assays to emerging micro/nanotechnology-based rapid field testing for clinical management and epidemiology

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