Discrimination by freshwater zooplankton between single algal cells differing in nutritional status

Butler, Nancy M.; Suttle, Curtis A.; Neill, William E.

doi:10.1007/bf00379111

Cited by 98 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Many studies have described that copepods can detect and select favourable particles (e.g. DeMott, 1986, Butler et al, 1989. Daphniids on the other hand feed unselectively, but are able to reject unsuitable particles (DeMott, 1982;Kerfoot & Kirk, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, not all of the copepod species and stages are predaceous, and many feed on protists and algae (Santer & van den Bosch, 1994;Ju¨rgens et al, 1996), but with a different feeding mode compared to herbivorous cladocerans. Copepods actively select their food, while most cladocerans are filter-feeders and do not discriminate between food particles (DeMott, 1986;Butler et al, 1989). Food selection by copepods is very sensitive and copepods can even distinguish (probably via chemoreception) between food particles of different nutritional status (Cowles et al, 1988) or toxicity (DeMott & Moxter, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Impacts of Copepods and Cladocerans on Lake Seston, and Resulting Effects on Zooplankton Growth

Becker

Feuchtmayr

Brepohl³

et al. 2004

Hydrobiologia

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In an enclosure study in Scho¨hsee, a small mesotrophic lake in Northern Germany, the impact of copepods and daphniids on the seston community was studied. In general, these two guilds differ in their feeding behaviour. Copepods actively select their food, with a preference for larger particles, whereas most cladocerans are unselective filter-feeders. In this study we investigate how the impact of the two different grazers affects zooplankton growth. We combine results obtained in the laboratory with results measured in situ in the enclosures. Copepods and cladocerans were cultured on seston from enclosures that were inhabited by density gradients of copepods or daphniids. We observed that Daphnia grew faster on seston that was pre-handled by copepods than on seston that was pre-handled by daphniids, and that somatic growth decreased with increasing densities of daphniids in the enclosures. In contrast, we observed no differences in development rates for copepods grown on the different media. The population growth rates of Daphnia in the Daphnia treatments were determined in the enclosures. Growth differences in both somaticand population growth of Daphnia were correlated to food quality aspects of the seston. In the laboratory we found that Daphnia growth was correlated with several fatty acids. The strongest regression was with the concentration of 20:4x3 (r 2 ¼ 0.37). This particular fatty acid also showed the highest correlation with growth after normalisation of the fatty acids to the carbon content of the enclosures (r 2 ¼ 0.33). On the other hand, in the enclosure the population growth correlated most to the particulate nitrogen content (r 2 ¼ 0.78) and only to the N:C ratio, when normalised to carbon (r 2 ¼ 0.51).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Impacts of Copepods and Cladocerans on Lake Seston, and Resulting Effects on Zooplankton Growth

Becker

Feuchtmayr

Brepohl³

et al. 2004

Hydrobiologia

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“…4. Evidence for such a selection of faster growing cells from a mixture has been presented for the copepods Acartia tonsa (Cowles et al 1988) and Diaptomus kenai (Butler et al 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigment‐specific rates of phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing in the open subarctic Pacific Ocean

Strom

Welschmeyer

1991

Limnology & Oceanography

155

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A long-standing hypothesis states that low year-round phytoplankton biomass in the open subarctic Pacific Ocean is maintained by herbivorous grazing. To evaluate the balance between phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing, we carried out seawater dilution experiments at two subarctic Pacific locations in June and September 1987. Pigment-specific phytoplankton growth and grazing rates were obtained from dilution experiments by HPLC separation of phytoplankton pigments. This approach allowed us to look at the relationship between growth and grazing rates for different phytoplankton taxa. A wide range of rates was observed during any given experiment. Pigment-specific growth rates ranged from 0.0 to 0.8 d-l; pigment-specific microzooplankton grazing rates ranged from 0.0 to 0.6 d-l. The highest growth rates appeared attributable to large diatoms, as indicated by both pigment and cell-count data. Grazing rates were most closely matched with growth rates for small (< 10 pm) phytoplankton species; large diatom species seemed to be unaffected by microzooplankton grazing. Higher grazing rates were measured on pigments with the lowest standing stocks.The subarctic Pacific Ocean apparently never experiences a phytoplankton bloom. Canadian weathership data collected between 1966 and 1976 show that chlorophyll concentrations only rarely reach 0.5 rg liter-' and never exceed 1.8 Kg liter-' (Anderson et al. 1977); these observations have been corroborated during subsequent cruises to the subarctic before and during project SUPER (subarctic pacific ecosystem research). These low phytoplankton standing stocks persist in spite of high (minimum 6-7 PM) euphotic zone concentrations of NO,-and seasonal increases in primary productivity.A long-standing hypothesis proposed to account for year-round low phytoplankton AcknowledgmentsWe thank the members of the SUPER project for support and encouragement, and the captain and crew of the RV Thomas G. Thompson for assistance at sea. Ralf Goericke standardized the HPLC and assisted with sample analysis. Dave Kirchman performed the DFAA analyses. Bruce Frost assisted with statistics, editing, and clear thinking in general. Comments of Evelyn Lessard, Dora Henry, and two anonymous reviewers improved earlier versions of this manuscript.

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“…It is generally thought that Daphnia species are not able to discriminate between food particles differing in quality, in contrast to Calanoid copepods, which are able to distinguish similar-sized food particles by taste (Bern 1994;Butler et al 1989;DeMott 1986). Also, Daphnia species can only filter particles in the range of 0.5-50 pm (Geller and Muller 198 1;Gophen and Geller 1984).…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth and reproduction of Daphnia galeata in response to changes in fatty acids, phosphorus, and nitrogen in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Weers

Gulati

1997

Limnology & Oceanography

111

105

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The importance of changes in elemental and fatty acid composition of the algal food for Daphnia galeata was investigated. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was grown under nitrogen or phosphorus limitation to modify its elemental and biochemical composition. Both N-and P-limited slgae exhibited similar fatty acid compositions but differed from algae grown under N and P saturation. Nutrient iimitation of algae caused the amounts of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated, and diunsaturated fatty acids to ncrease, but those of polyunsaturated fatty acids to decrease markedly. Life-history experiments with D. galeatu, carried out to examine the effects of the varying N and P regimes to the food quality of Chlamydomonas, revealed that N-limited and N+P-saturated algae were of a comparable quality. In contrast, P-limited alga was a very poor food; that is, both population growth and somatic growth rate were much lower than with N-and N+P-saturated algae. Differences of algal fatty acid composition did not explain the differences in algal food quality as N+P-saturated and N-limited Chlamydomonas were both similar in quality despite differences in fatty acid composition. P limitation of daphnid growth is more consistent with the observed differences in growth and reproduction. The low growth rates of the daphnids when fed P-limited alga, however, may also be a result of indirect effects because P limitation may induct changes in algal morphology or biochemical compounds other than fatty acids.

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Discrimination by freshwater zooplankton between single algal cells differing in nutritional status

Cited by 98 publications

References 31 publications

Differential Impacts of Copepods and Cladocerans on Lake Seston, and Resulting Effects on Zooplankton Growth

Differential Impacts of Copepods and Cladocerans on Lake Seston, and Resulting Effects on Zooplankton Growth

Pigment‐specific rates of phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing in the open subarctic Pacific Ocean

Growth and reproduction of Daphnia galeata in response to changes in fatty acids, phosphorus, and nitrogen in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

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