Disgust and Self-Disgust in Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Bektas, Sevgi; Keeler, Johanna Louise; Anderson, Lisa M.; Mutwalli, Hiba; Himmerich, Hubertus; Treasure, Janet

doi:10.3390/nu14091728

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Factors other than FOF likely contribute to an association between PVD and disordered eating. Both PVD and disordered eating are associated with anxiety more broadly [ 42 , 43 ], disgust sensitivity [ 44 , 45 , 46 ], and obsessive-compulsive tendencies [ 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. This dataset did not include measures on these constructs, but future research that investigates anxiety, disgust sensitivity, and OCD as potential mediators is an important future direction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Perceived Vulnerability to Disease with Cognitive Restraint and Compensatory Behaviors

Hoover

Ackerman²,

Cummings³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Individual differences exist in perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD). PVD is associated with negative responses (e.g., disgust) towards individuals with obesity and heightened sensitivity regarding personal appearance. Through increasing fear of fat (FOF), PVD may be associated with cognitive restraint and compensatory behaviors. We utilized an adult sample (n = 247; 53.3% male sex assigned at birth) recruited through Amazon’s MTurk prior to the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate associations between PVD, cognitive restraint and compensatory behaviors. Participants completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale, Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale, Dutch Eating Behaviors Questionnaire, and Goldfarb’s Fear of Fat Scale. Mediation analyses were used to test our hypotheses. Perceived infectability (PVD-Infection) was associated with cognitive restraint and compensatory behaviors through increased FOF. Perceived germ aversion (PVD–Germ) was associated with cognitive restraint, but FOF did not mediate this association. Sex-stratified analyses revealed no significant sex differences. PVD may be an overlooked factor associated with cognitive restraint and compensatory behaviors in males and females. FOF was an important mediating factor in these associations. Increased engagement in cognitive restraint and compensatory behaviors may reflect attempts to reduce FOF. Future longitudinal research should explore whether PVD is a risk factor for cognitive restraint and compensatory behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Perceived Vulnerability to Disease with Cognitive Restraint and Compensatory Behaviors

Hoover

Ackerman²,

Cummings³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To date, most research on disgust sensitivity has been in anxiety-related disorders [ 7 – 18 ], with additional investigations in avoidant behaviour [ 19 ], obsessive–compulsive behaviours [ 8 , 20 , 21 ] and social anxiety disorder [ 22 , 23 ]. Very little research has investigated disgust sensitivity in eating disorders (EDs), and in binge eating disorder (BED) in particular [ 24 ]—one of the most commonly diagnosed EDs [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For BED, there is currently no evidence for differences between clinical and non-clinical BED groups in general or food/body-related disgust sensitivity [ 24 ]. This is supported by neuroimaging studies demonstrated significant activation of the amygdala, insula and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) when viewing disgusting stimuli in all participant groups (BED, BN, overweight control subject and normal-weight control subjects)—but no significant group differences [ 36 ], suggesting similar activations during generic disgust processing across groups rather than binge-specific differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disgust sensitivity and behavioural inhibitory systems in binge eating disorder: associations with eating pathology

et al. 2023

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Disgust sensitivity refers to how unpleasant a disgusting experience is to an individual and is involved in the development of many psychiatric conditions. Given its link with food ingestion, there is an interest in understanding how an individual’s susceptibility to disgust relates to dietary habits. One possible mechanism giving rise to this association is through the effects negative emotions have on high-order cognitive processes, but few studies take this model into account. The aim of this study was to characterize general disgust sensitivity in a clinical binge eating disorder (BED) population, and explore whether disgust sensitivity relates to inhibitory control and eating pathology. Following a case-controlled study design, our results show that: (1) disgust sensitivity and its subscales do not differ between BED and healthy controls, (2) higher disgust sensitivity in BED relates to greater behavioural inhibition, (3) inhibitory control reaction times relate to aspects of eating pathology, and (4) inhibitory control does not mediate relationships between disgust sensitivity and BMI among participants with BED. Understanding the role of disgust sensitivity in BED may allow us to understand how negative emotion systems maintain dysregulated eating behaviours with the potential to inform emotion-regulation treatment approaches. Level of evidence: Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.

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“…Disgust is one of the least studied basic emotions, but it has recently been found to be the major cause of most affective diseases ( 1 , 2 ) such as major depressive disorders ( 2 , 3 ), anxiety disorders ( 4 , 5 ), and eating disorders ( 6 , 7 ). In our daily lives, common elicitors such as pathogenic cues (e.g., bacteria, viruses, and parasites) or moral violations (e.g., incest, theft, and violence) induce disgusting feelings and avoidance behaviors ( 8 – 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposite effects of estradiol and progesterone on woman's disgust processing

et al. 2023

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BackgroundOvarian hormones play a critical role in emotion processing, which may be a major reason for the high rates of major depressive disorders in women. However, the exact roles of estradiol and progesterone in emotional processing remain unclear. To this end, we performed behavioral and rs-fMRI studies on the effects ovarian hormones on disgust emotion.MethodsIn Experiment 1, 95 Chinese female undergraduates completed the single category implicit association test (SC-IAT) and explicit measures of disgust intensity task, 32 in the menstrual phase, 30 in the follicular phase, and 33 in the luteal phase. In Experiment 2, A total of 25 healthy female undergraduates completed three sessions of the rs-fMRI. The menstrual group was scanned during cycle days 2–5, the follicular group during cycle during days 10–13, and the luteal group was scanned 3–7 days before the next menstruation.ResultsThe behavioral results showed that women during the luteal phase had higher D scores and shorter response times (RTs) to disgust stimuli compared to the menses and follicular phases. In contrast, women during the follicular phase had fewer feelings of disgust and longer RTs to pathogen stimuli compared with that during the menses and luteal phases, but this effect was moderated by the intensity of the stimuli. rs-fMRI studies showed that women during the luteal phase have higher functional connectivity in the salience network than those in the follicular phase. Compared with the menstrual phase, women have lower functional connectivity in the amygdala during the follicular phase.ConclusionIn summary, a more negative attitude to disgust stimuli and the enhanced functional connectivity of the salience network during the luteal phase may be associated with high progesterone levels, whereas lower disgust feelings and reduced functional connectivity of the amygdala during the follicular phase may be associated with high estradiol levels.

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Disgust and Self-Disgust in Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 88 publications

The Association of Perceived Vulnerability to Disease with Cognitive Restraint and Compensatory Behaviors

The Association of Perceived Vulnerability to Disease with Cognitive Restraint and Compensatory Behaviors

Disgust sensitivity and behavioural inhibitory systems in binge eating disorder: associations with eating pathology

Opposite effects of estradiol and progesterone on woman's disgust processing

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